chapter 14

sterile swabes

are used for collection of many types of non-blood specimens requiring a culture or rapids methods of detecting the presence of microorganisms.

Swabs are composed of synthetic materials such as-

calcium alginate, Dacron TM, or rayon

Throat swabs-

are samples taken from the back of the throat.

whats the reasons for throat swabs samples to be collected?

screening test for group A streptococcus, the microorganism that causes strep throat.

Throat swabs are also used for growing cultures of throat microorganisms to identify other pathogens such as-

Haemophilus, influenzae and neisseria meningitids

In a culture swab the growth medium is located at-

the bottom of the swab container.

A sterile swabs with spongelike tips are made of and is used for collecting what?

Dacron MT or calcium alginate; collecting throat specimen.

How do you prevent gag reflexes during throat swabs?

instruct patients to breath through their nose.

Where are nasal swabs taken from?

taken from the nares (the cavities just inside the nasal opening)

why are nasal swabs collected for?

for the detection of microorganism such as staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and SARS-cov-2 virus.

How are microorganisms in nasal swabs kept?

moist in the transport medium.

where are nasopharyngeal swabs taken from?

from the nasopharynx (upper part of the throat behind the nose)

why are nasopharyngeal swabs collected for?

for the detection of influenza and respiratory virus infections, including SARS-cov-2

Nasopharyngeal specimens are collected using only what?

Dacron MT tipped swabs on a very thine wire.

DNA- based molecular testing requires specimens be transported in?

special media

Other swabs may be collected provide by nursing such as-

wound cultures, vaginal cultures and urethral cultures.

sputum is mucus that collects what?

the air passages of the respiratory system.

what do patients have to do before collecting sputum specimens?

rines their mouth with water and give the patient a tissue to cover their mouth when coughing.

Once the sputum specimen is sent to the laboratory it will examine for-

squamous epithelia cells (SECs) and white blood cells (WBCs)

stool specimen may provide containers as part of collections kit but they need to be -

clean, dry, sealable, and leakproof

stool specimens for the detection of pathogenic mircroorgansisms must be-

transferred immediately to special vials containing a medium to preserve them.

seman is produced by? and contains?

is produced by males ; contains sperm and some substances necessary for fertilization to occur.

The most accurate results for semen specimens after collected -

48- to 72 hour continence (abstinence from sexual activity)

if seman specimens are collected at home or not near to the laboratory it should be kept in what kind of temperature and delivered within?

near body temperature; 30min of collection or as soon as possible.

Urine specimens can be used for many types of laboratory analysis such as-

screening for glucose, drug, alcohol, and general well- being

Urine specimen collection- first morning void-

best specimen to use for general health assessment, hormone levels such as HCG testing and other chemicals such as glucose and protein.

Urine specimen collection- random void-

specimen of convenience , acceptable for routine assessment.

types Urine specimen collection- clean- catch midstream-

required for urine culture specimens

types Urine specimen collection- 24 hour collection-

used for quantitation of proteins, sodium, hormones

types Urine specimen collection- legal specimen-

drug screening to be used in a court law

types Urine specimen collection- catheterization-

used for urine collection on patients unable to void

types Urine specimen collection- suprapubic puncture-

performed by physicians to collect urine directly from the bladder

If urine cannot be tested within 1 hour after collected it must be-

it must be refrigerated

keeping urine at room temperature for more than 1 hour it can-

alter the test results of the chemical and microscopic components.

yellow and red topped urine preservative tubes contain-

chemicals chlorhexidine, ethyl paraben and sodium propionate to preserve urine for testing.

gray topped urine culture tubes contains-

sodium formate, sodium borate, and boric acid

If the urine has been contaminated by normal flora (bacteria) of the skin may produce-

false results

urine specimen may be needed for alcohol or drug testing are considered legal speicmen which require?

chain-or custody procedures

for waved testing kits include-

easy-to-follow instruction and most come with built-in control

waved test examples-

point-of-care, microhematocrit, strep screening

what must be followed when perfroming wavied testing?

standard operating procedures

a ______ specimen may aid in the detection of fetal distress.

amniotic fluid