Solutions, Acids, and Bases Vocab

solutions

homogeneus mixture of two or more substances in one state of matter (one substance dissolved in another)

• particles are evenly distributed

• the substances don’t seperate

solute

substance that is being dissolved

solvent

the substance that is doing the absorbing (the most abundant)

solution equation

solute + solvent = solution

aquesous solution

any solution where the water is the solvent

molarity

the number of moles of solute dissolved in every liter of solution

molality

the moles of solute in each kilogram of solvent

Saturated Solution

When a solution reaches the point where it can’t dissolve any more solute. At this point the solution has reached its maximum concentration.

solubility

a measure of the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent under given conditions

supersaturated solutions

solutions that contain more solute than solvent would normally dissolve under current conditions (unstable)

acid

a substance that can donate H+ ions in the solution

Base

a substance that can accept H+ ions in the solution

conjugate bases

when an acid loses and H+

conjugate acid

when a base gains a H+

pH

a measure of the strength of an acid or base (concentration of hydrogen ions)

indicators

chemicals that change color depedning on the pH of the solution

strong acid

acids that completley dissociat in water. 100% of molecules break apart to form ions. Produce many hydrogen ions (lower pH).

weak acid

acids that DO NOT completley dissociat in water. Less than 100% of molecules break apart to form ions. Produce very few hydrogen ions (higher pH).

strong base

substances that have a strong attraction for hydrogen ions in solution

weak base

substances that have a weak attraction for hydrogen ions in solution

neutralization reaction

when an acid and a base react in the proper amounts to neutralize each other

titration

a carefully controlled reaction where an unknown solution is reacted with a known solution

standard solution

a solution with a known concentration

equivalence point

the moles of acid are equal to the moles of base. Standard solution is added to the unknown solutuin (acid) until it is compleltey neutralized