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Islam
the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.
Monotheistic
Belief in one god
Polytheistic
Belief in many gods
Animistic
the belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and other elements of natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on Earth
Christianity
A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.
Judaism
the monotheistic religion of the Jews
Hinduism
A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation
Buddhism
Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.
Yarmulke
a skullcap worn by Jews (especially at prayer)
Star of David
International symbol of Judaism
Menorah
In the Jewish faith, it is a symbol of the nation of Israel and its mission to be a light to the nations
Sabbath
a day of rest from work kept by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening
The Torah
the holy book of Judaism
Jerusalem
A city regarded as being holy by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
Kosher
The term used for food allowed under Jewish dietary laws
The Western Wall
The only part of the Second Jewish Temple that remains today. People go there to pray
Halal
The term used for food allowed under Islamic dietary laws
Virgin Mary
The mother of Jesus
Jesus
A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel. A teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God.
The Trinity
God is three divine persons in one (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) -Christianity
The Old Testament
First half of the Bible - 5 books of Moses, the Torah
The New Testament
Second half of the Bible -features the Gospels (story of Jesus)
The Bible
Christianity's holy book/sacred writings
Baptism
sprinkling or immersion in water as a symbol of being pure and starting a new life in the Christian Church
Crucifixion
A type of execution in which a person was nailed to a cross - how Jesus was killed by the Romans
Resurrection
in Christian belief, Jesus's rise from the dead
Christian Holidays
Advent and Easter
Catholicism
a branch of Christianity -900 million followers
Protestantism
a major group broadly defined as Christianity, which originated from the Reformation and protested and separated from the Roman Catholic Church
Orthodox Church
A branch of Christianity that dates to the Byzantine empire
Parable
A simple story used to tell a moral or spiritual lesson
The Cross
Symbol associated with Christianity and salvation. Christians believe Jesus died on a cross so that humanity's sins could be forgiven.
Muslim
a believer or follower of Islam
Allah
God of Islam
The Meaning of the word "Islam"
Surrendering to the will of God
The Middle East
the birthplace of Judaism, Christianity and Islam
The Prophet Muhummad
Founder of Islam, received prophecy from an angel. Muslims do not believe he is a god
Mosque
A Muslim place of worship
Minaret
the tower attached to a mosque that issues the calls to prayer
Qu'ran
The holy book of Islam. Written in Arabic
Five Pillars of Islam
Declaration of faith, prayer 5x a day, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
Mecca
Holy city of Islam
Hijab
A head covering worn in public by some Muslim women.
India
What is the Cultural Hearth of Hinduism?
Brahma
the creator god of Hinduism
Vishnu
a Hindu god considered the preserver of the world
Shiva
A Hindu god considered the destroyer of the world.
Reincarnation
Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over (could be plant, animal, human)
Samsara
the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism
Moksha
freedom from the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism
Karma
Belief in Hinduism that your next life will depend on your good or bad deeds in this life.
Karma
Sanskrit for "work", "deed," or "action"
Dharma
In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties
The Vedas
Hinduism's oldest religious texts
Guru
religious teacher and spiritual guide in Hinduism
Vegetarian
Hindus mostly eat plant based foods so as not to harm any animals
Caste System
A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life - 1) priests, 2) warriors/rulers, 3) merchants/teachers, 4) servants, 5) Untouchables (beggars)
Diwali
Hindu festival of lights
Ganges River
holiest river to Hindus. They believe bathing in this river will wash away their sins
The one religion with no personal god
Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
Founder of Buddhism
-embraced "middle way"
Nirvana
In Buddhism, the ultimate state of being where there is no pain, desire, or selfishness
-final goal of Buddhism
The Four Noble Truths
According to Buddha, four principles for living that lead to nirvana/ peace
The First Noble Truth
Life is full of suffering/pain
The Second Noble Truth
Desire causes suffering.
The Third Noble Truth
To avoid suffering one must avoid desire (stop wanting things, being self-centered)
The Fourth Noble Truth
The way to attain Nirvana is the Eightfold Path
Shrine
Buddhist place of worship (candles, incense, Buddha statue)
Mantra
a commonly repeated word or phrase for prayer in Buddhism (hymn/slogan)
Prayer Wheel
In Buddhism a cylinder with prayers on it, may be used as a substitute for spoken prayers
Prayer Flag
Used in Tibetan Buddhism, these flags are often very colorful and have prayers inscribed on them; specific prayers bless specific things. (A prayer flag hung outside a house is meant to bless the house)
Meditation
the focusing of the mind on spiritual ideas
