Intro To Cybersecurity Code

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems

Threat

Any potential danger that can exploit a vulnerability

Vulnerability

A weakness in a system that can be exploited by a threat

Exploit

Code or technique used to take advantage of a vulnerability

Malware

Malicious software designed to damage or disrupt systems

Virus

Malware that attaches to legitimate files and spreads when executed

Worm

Self-replicating malware that spreads across networks without user action

Trojan

A malicious program disguised as legitimate software

Ransomware

Malware that encrypts data and demands payment for decryption

Phishing

A social engineering attack that tricks users into revealing sensitive information

Social Engineering

Manipulating people into giving up confidential information

Authentication

The process of verifying a user’s identity

Authorization

Determining what resources an authenticated user can access

CIA Triad

Confidentiality Integrity and Availability—the core principles of cybersecurity

Confidentiality

Ensuring data is only accessible to authorized users

Integrity

Ensuring data is accurate and has not been altered

Availability

Ensuring systems and data are accessible when needed

Encryption

The process of converting data into a secure unreadable format

Plaintext

Data in its original readable form

Ciphertext

Encrypted unreadable data

Firewall

A security system that monitors and controls network traffic

IDS

Intrusion Detection System that monitors for suspicious activity

IPS

Intrusion Prevention System that blocks detected threats

Brute Force Attack

Trying many passwords until the correct one is found

Zero-Day Vulnerability

A vulnerability unknown to the vendor or public

Patch

A software update that fixes security vulnerabilities

Least Privilege

Granting users only the access necessary to perform tasks

Attack Surface

All possible entry points an attacker can exploit

Incident Response

The process of detecting responding to and recovering from a security inciden