Genetics and Meiosis Review Cards

define heredity

transfer of biological info from parent to offspring

chromosomes that contain the same genes are termed?

homologous chromosomes

where are genes located that are not sex linked?

autosomes

list the 6 phases of meiosis in order

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

\______ are the different forms of a gene

alleles

\_______ is used to describe identical forms of an allele

homozygous

in humans, what is our haploid number of chromosomes?

23

mitosis is the division of a haploid cell to make a \_____ cell

diploid

meiosis is the division of a diploid cell to make a \________ cell

haploid

name a type of cell that is produced through the process of meiosis

egg or sperm cell

\______ is used to describe a pair of alleles with 1 dominant form and 1 recessive form

heterozygous

what is the genotype for heterozygous

Bb

name two types of gametes?

eggs, sperms, pollen

human blood types are an example of what type of inheritance?

multiple alleles and codominance

how is a carrier identified in a pedigree?

1/2 shaded

in humans, what is our diploid number of chromosomes?

46

what does it mean if a trait is sex linked?

the trait is carried on the x or y chromosome

what are the sex chromosomes of genetic males

xy

gametes are produced through what process?

meiosis

a person is Bb for brown eyes. what is the person's genotype

genotype- Bb

a segment of DNA that codes for a protein is know as a blank

gene

describe complete dominance

the allele that is regarded as dominant masks the effect of the allele that is recessive

flower color is an example of what type inheritance?

incomplete dominance

t or f:

homologous chromosome pairs carry the same type of genes. however, they can have different versions of the genes

true

if a cell has a diploid number of 12, how many chromosomes will occur in each gamete?

6

how many cells are produced during meiosis from 1 diploid cell?

4

how many chromosomes do haploid human cells have?

23

name two sex linked traits

color blindness, hemophilia, baldness

what are homologous chromosomes

chromosomes that carry the same genes, but not the same alleles

describe incomplete dominance

phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination/blend of the phenotypes of both alleles

if you use a punnett square to analyze a 2 trait cross and you find that your predicted ratios did not match your observed ratios, this tells you..?

the genes are linked on the same chromosome

two parents with brown hair and the ability to roll their tongue have a child with blonde hair and can roll its tongue. which Mendel's laws applies?

law of independent assortment

what happens during interphase of meiosis 1?

during interphase, chromosomes duplicate

what happens during metaphase 1?

during metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

describe codominance

phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive, but a contains both forms of the gene

which of mendels laws states that different traits assort independently from one another?

law of independent assortment

what did mendel experiment with?

pea plants

if you have a recessive autosomal disorder, how did you inherit the disorder?

received a recessive allele from both parents

what type of trait is the black and white pattern of a checkered chicken?

codominant

who is known as the father of genetics?

gregor mendel

in a goat population, there are black goats and spotted goats colors. identify the trait

trait\= color

two parents have brown eyes. they have a child with blue eyes. which of mendels laws applies?

law of segregation

list two events that occur during prophase 1 of meiosis that do not occur during mitosis

independent assortment and cross over

what type of trait shows both the traits of the parents?

codominant

t or f

crossing over occurs during meiosis II?

False,

Crossing over only occurs during Prophase I of

Meiosis I.

which of mendels laws states that alleles separate into separate sex cells and recombine in offspring?

law of segregation

which event in meiosis ensures that each gamete will be unqiue?

crossing over

"1n" represents what type of cells?

haploid

how is this trait inherited? equally in males and females and does not skip a generation

autosomal dominant

huntingtons disease is a dominant condition with late age of onset in humans. if one parents has the disease, what is the probability that their child will have the disease

50%

how is this trait inherited? equally in males and females, skips a generation

autosomal recessive

what term is used to describe a one trait cross?

monohybrid

Name 3 causes of genetic variation?

crossing over, independent assortment, random fertilizations, mutations

describe a genotype

the combination of alleles

describe of phenotype

the physical appearance

what is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes

autosomes are the 22 human chromosomes that dont determine the sex of the organism

\______ is a trait that is determined by 2 or more genes

polygenic

name an organism that does not reproduce sex cells through meiosis

bacteria

describe an allele

alternate form of a gene

why are males more likely affected by sex linked traits than females

males only have one x chromosomes

what is the difference between a monohybrid and dihybrid cross

a dihybrid cross involves two traits while a monohybrid cross only uses 1 trait

what are the possible gametes from the genotype Aa?

A and a

describe the difference between homozygous recessive and heterozygous

homo recessive contains to recessive alleles and hetero contains a recessive and dominant allele

why is it not possible for two recessive parents to have dominant child?

the parents can only pass on a recessive allele

can two dominant trait parents have a recessive trait child?

yes

What is the genotype for homozygous dominant?

BB

What is the genotype for homozygous recessive?

bb

What are the sex chromosomes of genetic females?

xx

a person is Bb for brown eyes. what is the person's phenotype?

brown eyes

in a goat population, there are black goats and spotted goats. identify the allele

allele \= black or spotted