apes midterm practice

"Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers?"

"Nitrogen fixation"

"The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs?"

"The atmosphere"

"Which trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web?"

"Killer whale (top trophic level)"

"Based on the second law of thermodynamics

how much biomass of phytoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram (Kg) of large fish in this food web?"

1000g

"Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem?"

"Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree; one eats acorns

"Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area?"

"Tropical rain forest"

"Which box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time?"

"Vegetation (Box A)"

"Refer to the above diagrams of graphs. Which of these methods of selection depicted below explain why there are no white rodents in the graph on the left?"

"Directional selection"

"Which of the following is a specialist species?"

"Giant panda"

"In the phylogenetic tree diagram above which organism(s) would be considered the LEAST primitive?"

C & D

"Based on the trends shown in the table in which of the following years was the owl population at carrying capacity?"

2015

"Which age-structure diagram best displays the age ranges in a country that is in stage 2 of the demographic transition?"

"An expansive pyramid age-structure diagram"

"A country is currently in the second stage of the demographic transition. Which change would indicate that the country is moving from the second stage into the third stage?"

"The birth rate declines to 25.3 births per 1

"Population size is decreasing because there are fewer prereproductive-aged individuals. Which age structure diagram best illustrates this population?"

"Diagram C"

"Which age structure diagram best illustrates a country that has a stable population size and slow or no population growth?"

"Diagram D"

"When the individuals in a population are most likely found in groups their distribution pattern is known as:"

Clumped distribution

"The 5 most populous countries in the world are currently (not in order)

Indonesia

"Which of the following is the control group and dependent variable for this experiment?"

"Control group: soil with no grass; Dependent variable: percent change in mass of the soil sample"

"The vast majority of ozone is found in a thin layer due to a lack of circulation in which of the following atmospheric layers?"

"Stratosphere"

"Which of the following is the best explanation for the formation of Hadley cells in the tropics (between 30°N and 30°S)?"

"The Sun warms moist air at the equator causing it to rise; as it moves away

"Which of the following is the best explanation for the deflection of the trade winds in both hemispheres?"

"The wind is deflected west because of Earth’s rotation"

"Based on the map which best explains why the Atacama Desert has a consistently arid climate?"

It is in the rain shadow of the Andes Mountains.

"Based on the map which region of South America would have a more moderate climate (and why)?"

West coast; peru current

"Peru’s commercial anchovy industry would most likely be harmed during an El Niño (ENSO) event. What is the most likely explanation for the decline in anchovy?"

"Less nutrient-rich water reaches surface waters

"If the half-life of sodium-24 is 15 hours and 0.78 grams remains after 60 hours

12.48

"During a La Niña event what environmental changes would the tropical Pacific Ocean and its surrounding landmasses most likely experience?"

Increased upwelling off the coast of South America resulting in increased productivity of fisheries. 

"In the soil texture triangle a soil sample containing 40/40/20

Loam

"Which is NOT a benefit of selective tree cutting?"

"Optimum growth for sun-loving species"

"An agricultural style that prevents erosion by water on flat land or gentle slopes is:"

"Contour plowing"

"(Earth’s Plates) Which is true:"

"2 = Pacific, 3 = Nazca, 5 = Cocos, 8 = Eurasian, 9 = Arabian”