Chemistry - Ionic and Metallic bonds Test

valence electrons

The s and p electrons in the outer energy level

• the highest occupied energy level

core electrons

those in the energy levels below

1

group 1 has ___ valence electrons

2

group 2 has ___ valence electrons

3

group 3 has ___ valence electrons

4

group 4 has ___ valence electrons

5

group 5 has ___ valence electrons

6

group 6 has ___ valence electrons

7

group 7 has ___ valence electrons

8

group 8 has ___ valence electrons

Hund’s Rule

electrons don’t pair up until they have too

Gilbert Lewis

explained why atoms form certain kinds of ions and molecules

Octet Rule

in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve a noble gas configuration; 8 in the outer level is stable

helium, 2

every noble has has 8 electrons except for ____ which has _____ electrons

lose, positive

metals ____ electrons and form ____ ions

3

metals usually have ____ or less valence electrons

gain, negative

nonmetals ____ electrons and form _____ ions

halide ions

ions from chlorine or other halogens that gain electrons

5

nonmetals usually have ____ or more valence electrons

opposite

anions and cations are held together by ______ charges

salts

ionic compounds are called _____

formula unit

simplest ratio of elements in an ionic compound

transfer of electrons

ionic bonds are formed through the _______ (gain and lose)

noble gas configuration

electrons are transferred to achieve _____________

cation, anion

ionic compounds are made from a _____ with an ______

crystalline solids

a regular repeating arrangement (pattern) of ions in the solid

strongly, rigid

ions are ______ bonded together and their structure is ______

high

ionic compounds have a ______ melting point

coordination number

number of ions of opposite charge surrounding it

solid

ionic compounds are usually _____ at room temperature

heat, electricity, melted, dissolved

conduct ______ and ______ when ______ or _______ in water

insultators

ionic solids are _______

freely

ions can move ______ when melted

weakly

metals hold onto their valence electrons very _______

sea of electrons

metal atoms are positive ions floating in a __________

electricity

metals conduct ________

free to move

electrons are _________ through the solid

malleable

metals are hammered into shape (bend) or ________

ductile

metals are _______ (drawn into wires)

mobility

malleability and ductility both explained in terms of the ______ of the valence electrons

strong repulsion

breaks a crystal apart, due to similar ions being next to each other

body-centered cubic

every atom (except those on the surface) has 8 neighbors

face-centered cubic

every atom has 12 neighbors

hexagonal close-packed

every atom has 12 neighbors but a different pattern due to hexagonal

alloys

mixture of 2 or more elements, at least 1 is a metal

melting, cooling

alloys are made by _____ a mixture of the ingredients, then _______

copper, zinc

brass is an alloy of ___ and ____

copper, tin

bronze is an alloy of _____ and _____

superior

properties of alloys are often ______ to the pure element

iron, carbon

steels are an alloy of _____ and ______

• corrosion resistant

• ductility

• hardness

• toughness

• cost