3.3 fundamentals of data representation

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32 Terms

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0 + 0

0

2
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1 + 0

1

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1 + 1

10 ( put down the 0 and carry the 1 )

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1 + 1 + 1

11 ( put down the 1 and carry the other 1 )

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how to convert binary to denary

use the conversion table

<p>use the conversion table</p>
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how to convert denary to hexadecimal

convert denary to binary

split the conversion table in half

use the split conversion tables both with 8/4/2/1 to convert the binary into what would normally be denary

if the number is above 9 then go into letters

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negative binary numbers

work out the denary number in binary if it was positive

reverse the values up until the bit column with a 1 in it.

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images

represented using binary numbers

created using a grid of pixels

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pixels

the smallest part of an image

short for picture elements

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1 bit images

can only have 2 possible colours

0 = white 1 = black

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2 bit images

can only have 4 possible colours

00 = white 11 = black 10 = red 01 = blue

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how to work out the number of colours

2 to the power of the number of bits

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colour depth

the amount of colours available to be used in an image

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what will happen if you increase colour depth

  • increase the detail of the image
  • increase the file size of the image as more bits need to be stored about each pixel
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resolution

the ability to distinguish from 2 points

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what happens if you increase the resolution

  • the clearer the image and the more detail it has
  • the larger the file size as data has to be stored about each pixel
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how do you calculate the image file size

number of pixels(height x width) x colour depth

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character set

all the characters that can be represented in a computer system

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ASCII

american standard code of information interchange

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how many bits did the original ascii account for

7 bits - 128 characters

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how many bits did the extended ascii account for

8 bits - 256 characters

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what language was ascii used for

english

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unicode

universal binary language

Unicode was made because ASCII couldn’t represent all the characters in all the different languages

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how many bits does Unicode account for

16 bits - 65,356 characters

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analogue sound

waves that are continuously changing in value e.g our voice

they cannot be understood by a computer

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digital sound

sound waves which are created from samples of analogue waves,

represented by binary and can be understood by the computer

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how do we convert analogue sounds to digital

the analogue sounds can be picked up by a microphone and sent to an ADC (analogue to digital converter)

they are then converted into binary values and stored into the computer

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sample rate

the number of times a sound is sampled per second measured in hz

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sample resolution

number of bits used to represent sound levels

I.e how clear the sound is

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bit rate

the space available to store each sample and is measured in kilobits per second

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how to calculate sound file size

sample rate x sample resolution x length in seconds

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binary shift

when a binary number is shifted one direction

if it is shifted to the left on the binary table the value multiplies by 2

if it is shifted to the right on the binary table the value divides by 2