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0 + 0
0
1 + 0
1
1 + 1
10 ( put down the 0 and carry the 1 )
1 + 1 + 1
11 ( put down the 1 and carry the other 1 )
how to convert binary to denary
use the conversion table
how to convert denary to hexadecimal
convert denary to binary
split the conversion table in half
use the split conversion tables both with 8/4/2/1 to convert the binary into what would normally be denary
if the number is above 9 then go into letters
negative binary numbers
work out the denary number in binary if it was positive
reverse the values up until the bit column with a 1 in it.
images
represented using binary numbers
created using a grid of pixels
pixels
the smallest part of an image
short for picture elements
1 bit images
can only have 2 possible colours
0 = white 1 = black
2 bit images
can only have 4 possible colours
00 = white 11 = black 10 = red 01 = blue
how to work out the number of colours
2 to the power of the number of bits
colour depth
the amount of colours available to be used in an image
what will happen if you increase colour depth
resolution
the ability to distinguish from 2 points
what happens if you increase the resolution
how do you calculate the image file size
number of pixels(height x width) x colour depth
character set
all the characters that can be represented in a computer system
ASCII
american standard code of information interchange
how many bits did the original ascii account for
7 bits - 128 characters
how many bits did the extended ascii account for
8 bits - 256 characters
what language was ascii used for
english
unicode
universal binary language
Unicode was made because ASCII couldn’t represent all the characters in all the different languages
how many bits does Unicode account for
16 bits - 65,356 characters
analogue sound
waves that are continuously changing in value e.g our voice
they cannot be understood by a computer
digital sound
sound waves which are created from samples of analogue waves,
represented by binary and can be understood by the computer
how do we convert analogue sounds to digital
the analogue sounds can be picked up by a microphone and sent to an ADC (analogue to digital converter)
they are then converted into binary values and stored into the computer
sample rate
the number of times a sound is sampled per second measured in hz
sample resolution
number of bits used to represent sound levels
I.e how clear the sound is
bit rate
the space available to store each sample and is measured in kilobits per second
how to calculate sound file size
sample rate x sample resolution x length in seconds
binary shift
when a binary number is shifted one direction
if it is shifted to the left on the binary table the value multiplies by 2
if it is shifted to the right on the binary table the value divides by 2