1.1 structure of water and hydrogen bonding

What are the two main elements that compose water?

Oxygen and Hydrogen in a 1:2 ratio.

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons in water?

Covalent bond.

What results from the unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond within water?

Polarity.

What is electronegativity?

The ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a chemical bond.

What must the difference in electronegativity be for a bond to be considered polar?

Greater than 0.4.

What are the three properties of water created by hydrogen bonding?

Cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.

What phenomenon allows water droplets to form on surfaces like a penny?

Surface tension.

Why is water often referred to as a 'universal solvent'?

It has a high solvency ability in its liquid state.

What is cohesion in the context of water?

When two of the same molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other.

What is adhesion in the context of water?

When two different molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other.

What property of water allows ice to float on liquid water?

Water’s cohesive property and unique hydrogen bond interactions in solid state.

What is the significance of water's high heat capacity?

It allows water to absorb a lot of thermal energy before changing states, helping to regulate temperature.

What is capillary action?

The ability of water to move up a thin tube due to its adhesive and cohesive properties.

Why is capillary action important for plants?

It allows them to access water from the soil.