Art - USAD 2025-2026 The Roaring Twenties (Finished)

What are the two modes used to analyze a work of art?

formal and contextual analysis

What are examples of archival sources?

letters, documents, and art criticisms

Who analyzed historical and contemporary art?

Pliny the Elder

What is the name of the text written by Pliny the Elder?

Natural History

Who gathered biographies of Italian artists?

Giorgio Vasari

What is the book that Giorgio Vasari penned?

The Lives of the Artists

Which German scholar shifted to the study of stylish development from Vasari's emphasis?

Johann Joachim Winckelmann

What is the oldest work of art?

cave paintings in the Chauvet cave

The best-known small stone female from

the old stone age is ______. Venus (or Woman) of Willendorf

Where was the only cave painting located that depicts a human ?

Lascaux

The most well-known megalithic rock

arrangement is found in ______ Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England

Stonehenge consists of _____ and ______.

Sarsen (sandstone) and bluestone

Which marks the point at which the sun rises on the midsummer solstice?

"heel-stone"

Platform structures that evolved into stepped pyramids are called _____.

Ziggurats

Who was able to centralize the whole of Mesopotamia and when?

Hammurabi, the king of Babylon in 1792 bce

The oldest known legal code is called _____.

The Code of Hammurabi

The best-known artwork from Hammurabi period is known as ____

stone-stele

Who is the Sun god from whom Hammurabi is believed to have got inspiration for his code of law?

Shamash

Who dominated the northern part of Mesopotamia?

Assyrians

When was the hanging garden of Babylon constructed?

during neo-Babylonian period between 612-538 bce

What was the name of the gateway to the great ziggurat of the temple of Bel?

Ishtar Gate

The most important architectural achievement of Persians is ______.

The Palace at Persepolis

The style that is followed by most of the Egyptian art is _____.

hierarchical scale

An example of hierarchical scale is ______.

Palette of King Narmer

Which is the most famous of the Egyptian tombs?

Tomb of a boy king, Tutankhamun

What is the most famous of all the objects that are found in Tutankhamun's tomb?

Tutankhamun's burial mask

What is the earliest of the three cultures that flourished in the Aegean island?

Cycladic culture

Where did the Minoan culture develop?

Island of Crete

What are the two major forms of Minoan paintings?

Frescoes painted on palace walls and pottery designs

What are the styles used in building temples during the Archaic period?

Doric and Ionic

The style used in making floral ornament background in vase paintings is called _______

Corinthian style

Black figures with more linear and larger in scale used ______.

Athenian-style

A pose that was invented to show the body to its best advantage is called _____.

contrapposto

When was the Parthenon temple restored after being destroyed by Persians in 480 bce?

447 bce

What are the notable works of the Late Classical Period?

Venus de Milo and Laocoöon Group

Which artwork is the Etruscan civilization famous for?

Tomb decoration

Which two buildings remain as monuments to the engineering genius of the Romans?

Colosseum and Pantheon

What is the best-known art from Byzantium?

Mosaic work

What is the greatest architectural achievement in Byzantine architecture?

Hagia Sophia built in Constantinople

Name two examples of illuminated manuscripts.

Book of Kells and Coronation Gospels

When the Vikings culture merged with the Anglo-saxon found in England and Celtic Ireland, it resulted in a new artistic style called _____.

Hiberno-Saxon

Give an example of Romanesque architecture.

Saint-Sernin in Toulouse, France

What is the difference between Romanesque churches and churches built earlier?

stone-vaulted buildings

What is the name of the vault that is formed with a tunnel of arches in Romanesque Churches?

Barrel Vault

What is unique about Gothic style architecture?

pointed arches

Thin stones or ribs built under the intersection of vaulted sections of the ceiling are called _______.

ribbed vaults

What is the name of the additional bracing material and arch placed on the exterior of the building?

flying buttresses

Give an example of Gothic style architecture.

Chartres Cathedral in France

What Florentine is most associated with the transitional period from late medieval period to renaissance?

Giotto di Bondone

What is the major development during the Renaissance period?

development of paper money

What was the competition that was held in the city of Florence in 1401?

design of the doors for the city's new baptistery

Who won the competition about the design of the doors for the city's new baptistery?

Lorenzo Ghiberti

What does Ghiberti's panel design depict?

the sacrifice of Isaac

What name did Michelangelo give to the second door designed by Ghiberti?

"Gates of Paradise"

Who introduced the concept of double-shelled dome design?

Filippo Brunelleschi

Who used both linear and aerial perspectives in the frescoes?

Masaccio

Who is considered as the founder of modern sculpture?

Donatello

What is the best-known painting of Botticelli?

The Birth of Venus

Who are the models for the term 'Renaissance Man'?

Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo

What special thing is used in the Mona Lisa painting?

Sfumato (smoke with mellowed colors and blurred outline)

What are the famous statues sculpted by Michelangelo?

Moses, The Dying Slave and The Bound Slave

How much time did Michelangelo take to complete the decoration of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

four years

Who was the most influential painter of the high Renaissance period?

Raphael Sanzio

One of the masterworks of Raphael Sanzio is ______.

Sistine Madonna

Who did the painting The Tempest?

Giorgione

What is the subject of the painting in The Tempest?

landscape

What is the most common technique used by Tintoretto?

dramatic angles

What does Tintoretto use to heighten the emotional impact of his subjects?

chiaroscuro

Who is mostly associated with the Counter-Reformation?

Dominikos Theotokopoulos - also known as El Greco

Who are considered the greatest artists of the Renaissance in northern Europe?

Matthias Grünewald and Albrecht Dürer

A great masterpiece of Grünewald is _____.

Isenheim Altarpiece

Which style of art has the greater sense of movement and energy?

Baroque art

Caravaggio used extremes of dark and light in his works, which is often termed as ______.

Caravaggesque

Who is the important woman amongst the Baroque artists?

Artemisia Gentileschi

What is the most important masterpiece of Gianlorenzo Bernini?

The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

The best-known work of Dutch artist, Rembrandt van Rijn is _____

The Night Watch

What is the name of the new genre of painting innovated by Jean-Antonie Watteau?

Fête galante

A style of art that instilled the revival of interest in the arts of Greece and Rome is called ______.

Neoclassicism

Which painting of Jacques Louis David illustrated republican virtues?

Oath of the Horatti

Which work of Gustave Courbet had political implication in the context of a wave of revolutions from 1848?

The Stonebreakers

Who is referred to as the first Impressionist?

Édouard Manet

Which is the well-known painting of Manet?

Luncheon on the Grass

Which artist emphasized the scientific rules of color?

Georges Seurat

What is the technique used by Georges Seurat?

optical mixing

What is considered a place of vice according to Van Gogh?

Night Café

A group of artists who felt dissatisfied with the industrial revolution banded together and they were known as _____.

Pre-Raphaelites

Pre-Raphaelites' emphasis on nature and sweeping curves gave way for ___________.

Art Nouveau

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque developed a new style of art called ______.

Cubism

A group of artists who combined the arbitrary colors of fauvists and the intense feeling in the works of Edvard Munch are called_____.

Die Brücke

Who led the Expressionist group, Der Blaue Reiter, in Germany?

Vasily Kandinsky

What was the first major showing of modern art in the U.S.?

The Armory Show

When did the Harlem Renaissance start?

1920s

What category of art did Duchamp invent?

ready-mades

Which group of artists was influenced by the theory of Sigmund Freud?

Surrealists

What is the name of the German school that was established for architecture and design between the first and second world wars?

Bauhaus

Whose style did the Abstract Expressionist artists follow?

Kandinsky

What are the two types of works used by Abstract Expressionists?

action painting and color field painting

What is one of the most famous works of Robert Rauschenberg?

Monogram

Who is the icon of pop art?

Andy Warhol

The artist mostly known for large, non-objective painting is ______.

Frank Stella