chem ch 6

periodic law

the law that states that when elements are arranged in order of their atomic number, we observe a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

18

how many groups are on the periodic table?

vertical

Are groups horizontal or vertical?

7

How many periods are there?

ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, lustrous, malleable, and solid

Name all of the physical properties of elements in alphabetical order

oxidized

Metals might not appear lustrous at first, because they often are ----- by exposure to air.

18

how many non metals are there?

allotropes

different forms of the same element

metalloids

elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

alkali metals

What are group 1 elements called?

1

how many valence electrons does group 1 have

alkaline earth metals

What are group 2 elements called?

Halogens

what group 17 elements called

reactive

The halogens are very ------ , due to being one electron short of a full outer shell.

noble gases

what group 18 elements called

24

how many synthetic elements are there?

representative elements

the A groups on the periodic table that have a wide range of properties

1-2

what groups are known as the s block

13-18

what groups are known as the p block

3-12

what groups are known as transition metals/d block

6-7

what rows are known as the f block

electrolysis

The technique of using electricity to separate compounds into their elements

bromine

Which nonmetal is a liquid at room temperature?

noble gases

Which group (name not number) has electron configurations that end in s²p⁶?

13

Which group number contains elements whose electron configurations end in p¹?

2

Which group contains elements whose electron configurations end in s²?

synthetic

All of the elements with atomic numbers above 94 are 

equals

For any representative element, its group number in the American system_________ the number of electrons in its highest energy level.

atomic radius

Half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined is the ______ of the element

picometers

Atomic radii are so small that they are usually measured in 

ion

an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge is called a(n)

ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

anion

a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is in a compound.

cation

a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

atomic radius

half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined

increases

atomic radius ________ as you go down a group

decreases

as you go left to right on a periodic table, atomic radius ________

ion

an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

ionization energy

amount of energy required to remove an electron from its atom

decreases

As you go down a group, first ionization energy _______. This is because the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus, and thus easier to remove.

increases, increased

As you go left to right, first ionization energy _______, because of _____ attraction with the nucleus. (separate answers with comma)

metals

______ can form cations, but almost never anions

nonmetals

______ can form anions, but almost never cations.

smaller

metal ions are almost always ______ than nonmetal ions.

cations

______ are always smaller than their parents atoms, because they have lost something.

electronegativity

how strongly an atom attracts electrons when it’s in a compound

fluorine, oxygen, and chlorine

what are the top 3 electronegative elements

metal