Preterm Birth

what is considered a preterm inafnt?

20-36 weeks gestation 

what is considered a small for gestational for a full term baby?

< 2500 g at birth or 5lbs8oz

what is considered very low birth weight?

<1500 gram / 3lbs5oz

what increases the chances of neonatal survical?

the higher the gestational age and birth weight

if an infant weighs 750-1000 grams, what is the survival chances?

70-80%

what is a high mortality rate associated with?

< 750 gram 

if a baby is born at 24 weeks what is the survival chances?

43%

if a baby is born at 25 weeks what is the survival chances?

74%

if a baby is born at 26 weeks what is the survival chances?

83%

what percent of preterm births occur 30-36 weeks gestation?

90% 

what are some etiologies of preterm birth?

spontaneous preterm labor, multiple gestations, PROM, gestation hypertesnion/preeclampsia etc, incompetent cervix, placenta abruptio, feta growth restriction, genetic abnormality

what are some other etiologies of preterm birth?

young age < 18 years, low socioeconomic status, trauma, smoking, drug abuse

what is the diagnosis of preterm labor definition?

regular, painful uterine contractions that produce cervical effacement and dilation before 37 weeks gestation

what is the criteria for perterm labor diagnosis?

gestation age 20-37 weeks, at least 4 documented uterine contractions in 20 minutes cervical dilation of at least 2 cm and cervical effacement of 80% 

what is the management of preterm labor?

IV hydration and bed rest, fetal heart rate monitoring, ultrasonography, analyze amniotic fluid for fetal lung maturity

what is the criteria for tocolytic therapy?

magnesium sulfate/nifedipine and prostaglandin synthease inhibitors, gestational age between 20 and 34 weeks, fetal weight <2500 grams, absence of fetal distress

what are the benefits of tocolytic therapy?

decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality

what are the risks of tocolytic therapy?

maternal and or fetal sepsis, maternal side effects and further compromise of a distressed fetus 

what are absolute contraindications to tocolytic therapy

fetal death, fetal distress warranting immediate delivery, chorioamnioitis, severe hemorrhage, severe chronic hypertension

what are relative contraindications to tocolytic therapy?

cervical dialation > 4cm and ruptured membranes