HIST 1302 -nAMERICA ABROAD 1877-1908 overview:

Before the Civil War, what were the reasons for American intervention in foreign countries?

• To protect american lives and protect american commercial property 

What is the definition of “imperialism”?

The policy of forming and maintaining an empire in order to control raw materials and gain access to world markets by contrast and setting up colonies

Identify how economics, strategic concerns, religious impulse, and Social Darwinism prodded the US towards imperialism in the late 1800s.

• As the United States became a large manufacturing power, it needed raw materials and markets for finished products. 

• For the US navy, we need access to safe harbors (refueling, take on supplies) 

• Religious Impulse- Bringing christianity and white civilization to people regarded as backwards 

• Social darwinism. Survival of the fittest and applying it to nations. Strong nations should rule the weak nations.

For what reasons did President Grover Cleveland refuse to annex Hawaii in 1893?

He believed the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani by American-backed forces was illegitimate and unjust, considering it a violation of Hawaiian sovereignty and a breach of American principles; he strongly opposed imperialism and favored restoring the Queen to power instead of acquiring the territory.

Why did the US side with the Cubans in their revolution against Spain?  Identify the impact that each of the following had on bringing on the Spanish-American War:

In summary, a combination of economic, strategic, humanitarian, and expansionist factors, amplified by the influence of yellow journalism, the De Lôme Letter, and the sinking of the USS Maine, led the US to side with the Cubans and ultimately declare war on Spain.

General Weyler’s reconcentrado

Put down a rebellion, he wanted to do this with a policy called “reconcentrado” (putting cuban villagers into camps)

Yellow journalism

These camps were reported in yellow journalism. (American Press)

sinking of the USS Maine. 

 a battleship that exploded and sank in Havana, Cuba on February 15, 1898. The explosion killed most of the ship's crew and was a contributing factor to the Spanish-American War.

What was the biggest killer in Cuba?

Disease

Be sure you know what the Platt Amendment was.

The US will control Cuba's foreign policy. The US will keep a base at Guantanamo bay. US right of intervention in cuba

Why did Filipino rebels turn against the US?

Filipino nationalists, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, believed that the US would support their struggle for independence after the Spanish-American War. They had fought alongside American forces against the Spanish.  However, the US decided to annex the Philippines, effectively replacing Spanish colonial rule with its own. This was seen as a betrayal of the promises and expectations of independence

What helped the US win the Philippine 

Insurgency?

• Aguinandonaldo never had majority support of his people (out of the population of 80,000 followers of 7 million people )

• US soldiers had fought with insurgency 

• Army charitable works in the philippines (built schools, hospitals, sewage systems and roads)

What arguments were made against imperial expansion?

Cost maintaining empire, American tradition of self role and the “no entangling alliances”

What is the background of the Roosevelt Corollary?  How is the corollary an extension of the Monroe Doctrine?

• Enforcing the Roosevelt corollary, in 1902 Venezuela defaulted on loans to several European nations , and they sent their navies to collect the money. Roosevelt didn't like this. Ultimately warning latin american nations to keep their affairs in order or face intervention by the united states. 

in 1823, told European nations to stay out of Latin america. which inverted the original meaning of the doctrine and came to justify unilateral U.S. intervention in Latin America.

Identify the provisions of the Taft-Katsura Treaty. 

The United States and Japan signed the treaty in 1905. Japan would leave the Philippines alone, and in response the United States would leave Japan's occupation of Korea alone.