Lab 9: Urinary & Reproductive System

________ (female gonads) are the primary reproductive organ and serve to produce gametes and sex hormones (________and_______, both steroid hormones).

Ovaries (estrogen & progesterone)

Estrogen includes _______.______. and _______ in non-pregnant females

estradiol, estrone, and estriol

________ is only produced during pregnancy

estetrol

The _____ _____ anchors the ovary medially to the uterus, ______ ______ anchors it laterally to the pelvic wall.

Ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament

The _________ suspends it in between the pelvic wall and the uterus.

Mesovarium

The _____ _____ (also called Fallopian tubes or oviduct) receive an ovulated oocyte from the ovary and are the site where fertilization occurs.

uterine tubes

The distal end of the uterine tube curves around the ovary and ends in the _______ that houses fingerlike projections called _______

Infundibulum and fimbriae

The ______ is located anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder

Uterus

The wall of the uterus is composed of three layers: _____ (outermost serous membrane), _______ (bulky middle layer), and the ______ (the innermost layer).

Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium

The ______ is made up of smooth muscle and contracts during childbirth to expel the baby from the body

Myometrium

If fertilization occurs, the embryo implants into the _______ and resides there for the rest of the development

Endometrium

Within the endometrium, there are two layers: the ______ ______ (or stratum functionalis) and the _____ _____ (or stratum basalis).

Functional layer, basal layer

The ______ _______ changes in response to ovarian hormones (i.e. estrogen) in the blood and is shed during menstruation

Functional layer

The _____ ______ lies deep to the functional layer and forms a new functional layer after menstruation is complete

Basal layer

The _____ is located inferior to the uterus and has more fibrous tissue (including collagen and elastin fibers) than the rest of the uterus

Cervix

The opening into the uterus is called the ______ __, whereas the opening into the vagina is the ______ __.

Internal os and External os

The ______ ______ connects the uterine cavity to the lumen of the vagina and is a passage through which sperm must travel to fertilize an egg after sexual intercourse

Cervical canal

The _______ _____ is lined with ciliated simple columnar epithelial cells, while the ________ is lined with stratified squamous epithelial cells.

Endocervical canal, Ectocervix

Where the two types of epithelia meet is called the ________ _______. if a female is exposed to the human papilloma virus (HPV), the virus can cause changes to the epithelium which can lead to cervical cancer.

squamocolumnar junction

The ______ lies between the bladder and the rectum and extends from the cervix to the exterior of the body

vagina

The vaginal wall consists of three layers: the outer ______ ______, a smooth muscle _________, and an ______ ______ (made of stratified squamous epithelium) marked by transverse ridges (or rugae) which simulate the penis during intercourse

fibroelastic adventitia, muscularis, inner mucosa

Why would the vaginal wall contain stratified squamous epithelia?

Lots of friction (intercourse and childbirth)

The epithelial cells of the vagina release large amounts of ________, which resident bacteria metabolize anaerobically to lactic acid.

glycogen

The pH of a woman's vagina is quite ______, which keeps the vagina healthy and free of infection, but makes a hostile environment for sperm

acidic

While the vagina of an adult female is quite acidic, the vagina of an adolescent tends to be an _________ environment; this in turn predisposes sexually active teenagers to sexually transmitted infections.

alkaline

The external genitalia are also called the ______ or ______ and include the ____ ____, ______, and ________.

Vulva and Pudendum, mons pubis, labia, clitoris

The _____ _____ is a fatty area that overlies the pubis symphysis and is covered in pubic hair after puberty.

mons pubis

Anterior to the vaginal opening is the _______ that is composed largely of erectile tissue and homologous to the penis of the male.

Clitoris

Like the male penis, the clitoris contains dorsal erectile tissue (corpora cavernosa) but lacks ______ ________.

Corpus spongiosum

1

FImbriae

2

ovary

3

Uterine tube (fallopian tube)

4

Body of uterus

5

Urinary bladder

6

Pubic symphysis

7

Mons pubis

8

Clitoris

9

Urethra

10

Labium minus

11

Labium majus

12

Bartholin's glands

13

Cervix

14

Vagina

15

Anus

17

Fundus of uterus

18

Perimetrium

19

Ovarian ligament

21

Endometrium

22

Myometrium

23

Cervical canal

1

Fimbriae

2

Ovary

3

Uterine tube (fallopian tube)

4

Body of Uterus

13

Cervix

14

Vagina

16

Suspensory ligament

17

Fundus of uterus

18

Perimetrium

19

Ovarian ligament

20

Ovarian follicles

21

Endometrium

22

Myometrium

The ______ is the male organ used in sexual intercourse and is made of two erectile tissues: _________ _________ and ________ _________.

Penis, Corpus Spongiosum, Corpus Cavernosa

During erection, the corpus cavernosa becomes engorged with arterial blood (also called __________ ).

tumescence

The _________ __________ also becomes slightly engorged with blood, but to a lesser degree than the corpus cavernosa.

corpus spongiosum

When the penis is erect, the flow of urine is _______ from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm.

blocked

The _______ is covered with a loose layer of skin called _______ and contains numerous sensitive nerve endings.

Glans, prepuce

The scrotum contains the ________ (or testes) and acts as a climate control system for the testes. For normal human sperm development, the testes must be at a slightly ________ temperature than our normal body.

testicles, cooler

The testicles are responsible for making ____________ and generate sperm.

testosterone

The __________ ______ are located within the testes and are the location where sperm are produced

seminiferous tubules

1

Urinary bladder

2

Pubis

3

Prostate gland

4

spongy (penile) urethra

5

Glans penis

6

Vas (ductus) deferens

7

Epididymis

8

Testis

9

Scrotum

10

seminal vesicle

11

Ampulla of vas deferens

12

Ejaculatory duct

13

prostatic urethra

14

Bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland

15

Anus

6

vas (ductus) deferens

7

Epididymis

8

Testis

9

Scrotum

16

Spermatic cord

17

Efferent ductules

18

Rete testis

19

seminiferous tubule

20

Flagellum

21

Lumen leading to epididymis

22

Head of sperm

23

Spermatogonia

The ____________ is a long, coiled tube on the backside of each testicle and is responsible for storing and transporting sperm as they complete maturation and gain the ability to swim.

Epididymis

The ________ that emerges from the testes is immature and incapable of fertilization, so it is the job of the epididymis to bring the sperm to maturation before they are forced into the _____ _________.

Sperm, Vas Deferens