Chemistry CC10 - Reactivity Series

Reactivity Series

- "-ium"

- carbon

- everything else

- hydrogen

- jewellery

General Displacement Reaction

metal salt + more reactive metal -> more reactive metal salt + metal

Displacement Reactions

When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.

This means you can get a pure metal.

Redox Reactions

Displacement reactions are redox reactions - a metal becoming an ion has lost electrons (oxidation) and a different metal becomes an atom by gaining electrons (reduction)

Example:

Word: Iron + Zinc Sulfate -> Iron Sulfate + Zinc

Symbol: Fe + ZnSO4 -> FeSO4 + Zn

Ionic: Fe + Zn^2+ + SO4^2- -> Fe^2+ + SO4^2- + Zn

(SO4^2- doesn't change so are spectator ions, you

can remove/cancel them)

Half/Redox: Fe(s) -> Fe(aq)^2+ + 2e^1- [oxidation}

Zn(aq)^2+ + 2e^1- -> Zn(s) [reduction]

Element

One type of atom

Compound

Two or more types of atom, chemically bonded

Ores

A mineral containing a significant % of a valuable element

Native

Metals found pure in rocks

Mining

Obtaining native metals and ores

Drawbacks of Mining

- Destruction of habitat

- Noise pollution

- Emissions from factories and moving the ores

- Air pollution from dust

- Huge pit in the landscape

- Puts dust into the atmosphere which causes breathing difficulties, damages animals habitats

Phytomining

Can collect metals which are of a very low concentration.

Plant roots can absorb metal ions from the soil. Some are very good at it. They are called Hyperaccumulators

Drawbacks of Phytomining

- Takes a long time

- Habitats are destroyed

- Land not used for crops

Steps of Phytomining

- Plants grow

- Absorb metal ores

- Harvest

- Crush the plants/chop up/burn

- Process to remove metal

Bioleaching

Can collect metals from waste using bacteria to eat the metal

Drawbacks of Bioleaching

- Waste is often very acidic

Life Cycle Assessment

Raw Materials

Manufacturing

Packaging

Distribution

Use

Disposal

Repeat

Reducing Agent

A substance which reduces another element

Reduction with Carbon

Reduction with carbon produces carbon dioxide and a pure metal.