APWH Modern Units 5 AND 6

Period 3

Balkan nationalism

movements to create independent states and reunite ethnic groups in Southeastern Europe

3 enlightened documents of 1750-1900

Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Rights of Man, Jamaica Letter

3 Reasons for beginning of the Ind. Revolution in Britain

access/proximity to waterways, geographic distribution of coal, iron, timber, urbanization, improved agriculture, legal protection of private property, access to foreign resources, accumulation of capital

global capitalism

economic system in which the goal is to produce profit for owners and shareholders

Wealth of Nations

18th century book that promoted free-market economy, supply-and-demand economics, free-market capitalism

American, French, Latin American Revolutions

Three major political revolutions 1750-1830

Coal and oil

Two fossil fuels that powered the Industrial Revolution

Germany and Italy

two nations unified in 1800s because of nationalism

stock market

financial instrument important to capitalism; individuals and companies buy/sell shares in companies

New Zealand Wars

series of armed conflicts 1845 to 1872 between the British puppet government and the native Māori.

Lola Rodriguez de Tio

Puerto Rican who wrote patriotic poems that supported Cuban independence.

Seneca Falls Convention

the first American women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Hong Kong/Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC)

Transnational bank (1865) to meet needs of Euro merchants trading w/ China

Socialism, Communism

Two major political systems established as responses to the abuses of capitalism

Karl Marx

19th century political philosopher who believed that communism would replace capitalism and result in a classless society.

Meiji Restoration

Japanese state-sponsored industrialization and westernization effort endorsed by the US

steam engine

Built by James Watt; powers Industrial Revolution

Ottoman Empire, Qing Dynasty

Two nations that made state-sponsored efforts to Westernize during the industrial age

Ottomanism

Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire; based around allegiance to the Empire and not race, religion, etc.

Pollution, Poverty, Crime

major social issues in the Industrialized world 1750-1900

Labor unions and workers political parties

forms of labor organization in response to poor working conditions 1750-1900

Muhammad Ali

Leader of Egypt who established cotton/textile industry in Egypt

Olympe de Gouges, Mary Wollstonecraft

2 pioneer feminists who wrote Enlightened works demanding the rights of women be respected

Unilever

Global company based in Europe but operating in West Africa and the Congo

Railroads, steamships, telegraphs, and canals

transportation and communication developments between 1750 and 1900

Middle class, industrial working class

Two new social classes that developed between 1750 and 1900

Berlin Conference

Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa; beginning of the Scramble for Africa

Nationalism

strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country; used to justify imperialism

"Civilizing mission"

Western nations brought advanced science and economic development to non-Western parts of the world; used to justified imperialism

King Leopold II

Belgian leader who owned the rubber trade in the Congo

Social Darwinism

"survival of the fittest" in politics, used as a justification for imperialist expansion

Sepoy Rebellion

Revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; uprising against British imperialism

Sokoto Caliphate, Cherokee Nation, Zulu Kingdom

3 nations founded in 1750-1900 in response to imperial expansion

rubber

major export from Southern Africa; workers were exploited by European colonizers

Ghost Dance

Anti-imperial ritual the Sioux performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.

Opium Wars

conflict between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the drug trade and British trade rights

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

anti-imperial movement that if these African peoples killed livestock, their ancestors would kill the British

Tupac Amaru II and Samoray Toure

Two anti-imperialists that led successful revolutions against imperial conquerors

Meat

Major export from Argentina and Uruguay in the growth of global capitalism under imperial rule

Cotton

major industrial product of India and Egypt, exported to Europe during early industrialization

diamonds

precious stone mined and exported from Africa, profited Europeans

Port of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Trading port built in South America with the support of British firms and for British profit

New Zealand

British established this nation as a settler colony and overtook local Maori

palm oil

Industrial nations used this African export to lubricate their machines

Lebanese-American Merchants, Italian-Argentinian Industrial Workers, Chinese-American Railroad Workers, Irish-American Urban Workers, British-Indian Engineers, Italian-Americans

3 of 6 groups who migrated for work during 1750-1900

copper

metal extracted in Chile and used for European industries

ethnic enclaves

result of global migration; locations like Chinatown and Little Italy with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity

Chinese Exclusion Act

mid-1800s American law barring a specific ethnic group from immigrating

White Australia Policy

Policy that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia