Muscle Anatomy Review

These flashcards cover key muscle anatomy and function relevant to the lecture.

Auricular Muscles

Muscles that originate from the bones of the skull and insert into cartilage of the ear, allowing for movement of the ears.

Orbicularis Oculi

Circular muscle around the eye that functions to close the eye.

Orbicularis Oris

Circular muscle around the mouth that functions in prehension of lips, closure of the mouth, and pursing of lips.

Levator Nasolabialis

Muscle that originates from the frontal and nasal bones, inserting into the upper lip and outer rim of the nostril, lifting the lip and dilating the nostrils.

Masseter

Main muscle of mastication that closes the jaw, well developed in herbivores.

Pterygoideus

Muscle that allows for side-to-side movement of the jaw.

Diaphragm

Muscle that flattens to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration.

External Intercostal

Muscle running from rib to rib that facilitates inspiration by drawing ribs together.

Internal Intercostal

Muscle running from rib to rib that facilitates expiration by drawing ribs apart.

Biceps Brachii

Muscle responsible for elbow flexion and shoulder extension.

Genioglossus

Muscle responsible for protrusion of tongue, originating from the rostral end of the mandible.

Gracilis

Muscle that originates from the pelvic/pubic symphysis and functions in adduction of the hind limb.

Gastrocnemius

Muscle that extends the hock; it originates from the caudal aspect of the femoral condyles.

Auricular Muscles

Muscles that originate from the bones of the skull and insert into cartilage of the ear, allowing for movement of the ears.

Orbicularis Oculi

Circular muscle around the eye that functions to close the eye.

Orbicularis Oris

Circular muscle around the mouth that functions in prehension of lips, closure of the mouth, and pursing of lips.

Levator Nasolabialis

Muscle that originates from the frontal and nasal bones, inserting into the upper lip and outer rim of the nostril, lifting the lip and dilating the nostrils.

Masseter

Main muscle of mastication that closes the jaw, well developed in herbivores.

Pterygoideus

Muscle that allows for side-to-side movement of the jaw.

Diaphragm

Muscle that flattens to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration.

External Intercostal

Muscle running from rib to rib that facilitates inspiration by drawing ribs together.

Internal Intercostal

Muscle running from rib to rib that facilitates expiration by drawing ribs apart.

Biceps Brachii

Muscle responsible for elbow flexion and shoulder extension.

Genioglossus

Muscle responsible for protrusion of tongue, originating from the rostral end of the mandible.

Gracilis

Muscle that originates from the pelvic/pubic symphysis and functions in adduction of the hind limb.

Gastrocnemius

Muscle that extends the hock; it originates from the caudal aspect of the femoral condyles.

Triceps Brachii

Muscle responsible for elbow extension and shoulder flexion, acting as an antagonist to the Biceps Brachii.

Quadriceps Femoris

A large muscle group on the cranial aspect of the thigh that functions in extension of the stifle (knee) and flexion of the hip.

Latissimus Dorsi

A broad, triangular muscle located on the dorsolateral aspect of the trunk, functioning in forelimb extension, adduction, and rotation.

Auricular Muscles

Muscles that originate from the bones of the skull and insert into cartilage of the ear, allowing for movement of the ears.

Orbicularis Oculi

Circular muscle around the eye that functions to close the eye.

Orbicularis Oris

Circular muscle around the mouth that functions in prehension of lips, closure of the mouth, and pursing of lips.

Levator Nasolabialis

Muscle that originates from the frontal and nasal bones, inserting into the upper lip and outer rim of the nostril, lifting the lip and dilating the nostrils.

Masseter

Main muscle of mastication that closes the jaw, well developed in herbivores.

Pterygoideus

Muscle that allows for side-to-side movement of the jaw.

Diaphragm

Muscle that flattens to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration.

External Intercostal

Muscle running from rib to rib that facilitates inspiration by drawing ribs together.

Internal Intercostal

Muscle running from rib to rib that facilitates expiration by drawing ribs apart.

Biceps Brachii

Muscle responsible for elbow flexion and shoulder extension.

Genioglossus

Muscle responsible for protrusion of tongue, originating from the rostral end of the mandible.

Gracilis

Muscle that originates from the pelvic/pubic symphysis and functions in adduction of the hind limb.

Gastrocnemius

Muscle that extends the hock; it originates from the caudal aspect of the femoral condyles.

Triceps Brachii

Muscle responsible for elbow extension and shoulder flexion, acting as an antagonist to the Biceps Brachii.

Quadriceps Femoris

A large muscle group on the cranial aspect of the thigh that functions in extension of the stifle (knee) and flexion of the hip.

Latissimus Dorsi

A broad, triangular muscle located on the dorsolateral aspect of the trunk, functioning in forelimb extension, adduction, and rotation.

Deltoid

A major muscle of the shoulder, responsible for the abduction of the humerus, and also assists in flexion and extension of the shoulder joint.

Trapezius

A large, flat superficial muscle located on the back and neck, functioning in moving and stabilizing the scapula, and extending the head.

Gluteus Maximus

The largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles, primarily responsible for extension and external rotation of the thigh at the hip joint.

Rectus Abdominis

A long, flat muscle extending vertically along the front of the abdomen, primarily involved in spinal flexion and maintaining abdominal pressure.

Sartorius

The longest muscle in the human

Auricular Muscles

Muscles that originate from the bones of the skull and insert into cartilage of the ear, allowing for movement of the ears.

Orbicularis Oculi

Circular muscle around the eye that functions to close the eye.

Orbicularis Oris

Circular muscle around the mouth that functions in prehension of lips, closure of the mouth, and pursing of lips.

Levator Nasolabialis

Muscle that originates from the frontal and nasal bones, inserting into the upper lip and outer rim of the nostril, lifting the lip and dilating the nostrils.

Masseter

Main muscle of mastication that closes the jaw, well developed in herbivores.

Pterygoideus

Muscle that allows for side-to-side movement of the jaw.

Diaphragm

Muscle that flattens to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration.

External Intercostal

Muscle running from rib to rib that facilitates inspiration by drawing ribs together.

Internal Intercostal

Muscle running from rib to rib that facilitates expiration by drawing ribs apart.

Biceps Brachii

Muscle responsible for elbow flexion and shoulder extension.

Genioglossus

Muscle responsible for protrusion of tongue, originating from the rostral end of the mandible.

Gracilis

Muscle that originates from the pelvic/pubic symphysis and functions in adduction of the hind limb.

Gastrocnemius

Muscle that extends the hock; it originates from the caudal aspect of the femoral condyles.

Triceps Brachii

Muscle responsible for elbow extension and shoulder flexion, acting as an antagonist to the Biceps Brachii.

Quadriceps Femoris

A large muscle group on the cranial aspect of the thigh that functions in extension of the stifle (knee) and flexion of the hip.

Latissimus Dorsi

A broad, triangular muscle located on the dorsolateral aspect of the trunk, functioning in forelimb extension, adduction, and rotation.

Deltoid

A major muscle of the shoulder, responsible for the abduction of the humerus, and also assists in flexion and extension of the shoulder joint.

Trapezius

A large, flat superficial muscle located on the back and neck, functioning in moving and stabilizing the scapula, and extending the head.

Gluteus Maximus

The largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles, primarily responsible for extension and external rotation of the thigh at the hip joint.

Rectus Abdominis

A long, flat muscle extending vertically along the front of the abdomen, primarily involved in spinal flexion and maintaining abdominal pressure.

Sartorius

The longest muscle in the human body, extending from the hip to the medial side of the knee, functioning in hip and knee flexion and external rotation of the thigh.

Pectoralis Major

A large, fan-shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest, primarily responsible for adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of the humerus.

Biceps Femoris

One of the three hamstring muscles located on the posterior aspect of the thigh, responsible for knee flexion, hip extension, and external rotation of the hip.

Tibialis Anterior

A muscle located on the front of the shin, responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.