ANAT 100 Module 12

Testes

sperm creation and development

Tunica Vaginalis

outer protective covering of testes

Tunica Albuginea of Testes

inner fibrous capsule, extensions divide testes into lobules

Seminiferous Tubules

tightly coiled tubules produce sperm

~600-1000/testes

Leydig cells

produce and secrete testosterone

found in loose connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

Head of sperm

has X or Y chromosome

acrosomal cap has enzymes for egg penetration

(A + B)

Midpiece of sperm

mitochondrial collar helps produce energy

©

Tail of Sperm

flagellum is movement source

(D)

Scrotum

sac of skin and fascia around testes

controls temp of testes

derived from abdominal wall

Dartos Muscle

regulates temp by changing exposed SA

superficial (in skin), gives wrinkly appearance

Cremastor Muscle

contracts in cold to bring testes superiorly (closer to body heat)

deep in scrotal wall

Epididymis

A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.

Epididymis - Epithelium

ducts lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Epididymis Head

receives and stores sperm from seminiferous tubules

Epididymis Neck

contains coiled duct of epididymis

Epididymis Tail

coiling diminishes, ascends into vas deferens, stores sperm before ejaculation

Vas Deferens

stores and transport sperm from epididymis to urethra

Ampulla of Vas Deferens

expanded distal portion

Ejaculatory Duct of vas deferens

ampulla + seminal vesicle converge

Seminal Vesicles

secretes nutritive fluid for sperm

Vas Deferens Histology

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

small lumen, thick muscularis with smooth muscle to propel semen

Prostate Gland

tubular glands in mass smooth muscle and connective tissue

produces and secetes sugars and enzymes

proteases dissolve cervical mucus

Bulbourethral Glands

secrete thick, clear mucus into penile urethra

released before ejaculation to neutralize acidic urine in urethra

Pathway of Sperm

seminiferous tubules of testes --> epididymis --> vas deferens --> ejaculatory duct --> urethra

Root of Penis

fixed portion attaches penis to ischium

body of penis

3 cylinders erectile tissue, contains urethra

glans of penis

expanded distal end, contains external urethral opening

Corpora Cavernosa

erectile cylinders on dorsal surface

Corpus Spongiosum

cylinder contains urethra, expands to form glans

Crura

proximal portion corpa cavernosa, attached to bony pelvis by muscles

Ovaries

where eggs produced and stored before ovulation

Ligaments of Ovaries

protect and anchor ovaries, covered by dense connective tissue

Ovarian ligament

anchors ovaries to uterus

Suspensory Ligament

anchors ovaries to pelvic wall

broad ligament

drapes over uterus

Tunica Albuginea of Ovaries

connective tissue capsule surrounding ovaries

Medulla of Ovaries

contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics supplying ovary

Cortex of ovaries

Primordial Follicle

most immature, made of single layer squamous cells surrounding oocyte

Primary Follicle

two or more layers surrounding egg

Secondary Follicle

surrounded by many layers, contains antrum (fluid filled space)

Graafian Follicle

mature follicle ovulated when ruptured, surrounded multiple layers cells (antrum)

Corpus Luteum

develops from remnants mature follicle, produces progesterone and some estrogen to support fertilization

without fertilization, degenerates

Infundibulum of Ovaries

funnel shaped, captures egg after release from ovary

has fimbriae

Fimbriae

Ampulla of Ovaries

where fertilization normally occurs

Isthmus

passes through uterine wall, opens into lumen of uterus

uterus

carries and supports fetus, contracts to eject fetus

Fundus of Uterus

most superior, extends between uterine tubes

Body of Uterus

main part, smooth muscle

Cervix

inferior, projects into vagina

contains cervical canal

Cervical Canal

Internal os of cervical canal

connects uterus and cervix

External Os of cervical canal

connects cervix and vagina

Endometrium

glandular inner lining uterus, changes throughout menstrual cycle

Myometrium

middle layer uterus smooth muscle

Perimetrium

thin outer layer serosa of uterus

Vagina

connects uterus to outside world, birth canal

Vagina - Mucosa

stratified squamous, produces glycogen to be metabolized bybacteria into lactic acid

protects vagina by creating acidic environment

Vagina - Muscularis

elastic and loose connective tissue, inner circular outer longitudinal smooth muscle

Vagina - Serosa/Adventitia

adventitia

Mons pubis

adipose tissue over pubic bone

Clitorus

sensitive area erectile tissue

Labia Majora

elongated, fatty folds of skin with pubic hair (outside)

Labia minora

thin, fat free folds of skin without pubic hair (inside)

Vestibule of Vagina

space bounded by labia minora, has external urethral and vaginal opening

Glans of Clitorus

Crus of Clitorus

Mammary Glands

modified sweat glands produce and secrete milk

connective tissue separates lobes, atach breast to underlying muscle and overlying skin

Suspensory Ligaments

Mammary Lobes

Lactiferous Ducts