All Psych tests

According to Aristotle, the rational soul contains functions of vegetive and sensitive souls, plus the ability of thinking and rational thought.

True

What is historicism?

The study of the past for its own sake, without attempting to interpret and evaluated in terms of current knowledge and standards.

Francis Bacon is sometimes referred to as the founder of British empiricism.

False

The study of the origin, structure, and processes governing the universe is called __________.

Cosmology 

Erasmus believed humans did not have free will, while Luther believed humans have free will.

False

According to Aristotle, remembering consists of spontaneous recollection of a previous experience.

Thomas Kuhn used anomalies, which are persistent observations that a currently accepted paradigm cannot explain.

True

A common set of assumptions or beliefs shared by scientists while exploring the subject matter of their science, which determines what constitutes legitimate problems and the methodology used in solving those problems is called a/an ___________________.

Paradigm 

An approach in which utilizing the best practices from a variety of viewpoints/techniques such as in historical, political, clinical, and medical contexts is called being _____________.

Eclectic 

According to Kuhn, scientific activity does not begin with empirical observation, but rather with a problem that then determines what observations need to be made.

False

According to Aristotle, the purpose of humans is to think positively.

False

Apart from influencing philosophy, Hippocrates was a _____________ first.

Physician 

Popper saw sciences as passing through three distinct stages: preparadigmatic stage, paradigmatic stage, and post-paradigmatic.

False

Aristotle's "Allegory of the Cave" exposed several concepts such as questioning what we have always seen/believed. 

false

The tendency for events that are experienced together to be remembered together is known as the Law of Compound Association.

False

The primary lesson of Cynicism is that nature should guide human behavior.

True

Who was the founder of Skepticism?

Phyrrho of Elis 

This person was the first to use the term “philosopher” and called himself that.

Pythagoras 

The belief that the best life is one of long-term pleasure resulting from moderation is called Epicureanism.

True

British empiricists and French sensationalist had in common the belief that all knowledge comes from mental activity and not from physical experiences.

False

Who provided an extension of Hippocrates’ Theory of Humors and hypothesized personality?

Galen

Karl Popper argued that science begins with the recognition of a problem, which determines what observations are to be made.

True

St. Augustine proposed a dualistic nature of man; with the body similar to animals, and the spirit close to or part of God.

True

According to Thomas Kuhn, paradigms change as observations cannot be explained by the current paradigm.

True

According to Popper, an existing paradigm is displaced by another paradigm in the revolutionary stage.

False

Who is often referred to as “the first philosopher, with a rich intellectual heritage?”

Thales

Which philosopher do we credit with developing a “Theory of Forms?”

Plato

Define rationalism. 

Philosophical belief that knowledge can be attained only by engaging in some type of systematic mental activity.

The “Dark Age," during which scientific inquiry paused, happened during the Middle Ages.

True

According to Thomas Kuhn, the revolutionary stage in science occurs when a new paradigm displaces another one.

True

According to Aristotle, what is the highest form of thinking called?

Active reason

The suspension of belief in anything and the belief that all beliefs can be proved wrong is called Skepticism.

True

A lens, created through factors such as personal experiences, politics, religion, et cetera, through which an individual sees and interprets society and the world is called a/an

Worldview

According to Aristotle, imagination is lingering effects of sensory experience.

True

What did Thomas Hobbes agree with Francis Bacon on?

On the importance of sensory experience 

Aristotle embraced both ___________ and ______________.

Rationalism and Empiricism 

Aristotle, like most Greeks, held self-control and moderation as a high ideal.

True

Who was not a Pre-Socratic philosopher?

Descartes

Looking at all of nature as though it were alive is called ________________.

Animism

The idea that nature is arranged in a hierarchy ranging from neutral matter to the unmoved mover, which is the cause of everything in nature is called Scala Naturae. 

True

Which philosopher created the allegory of the cave?

Plato

When everything has a function built into it is called _____________.

Teleology 

Philosophy comes from the Greek language meaning ____________________________. 

Love of knowledge/wisdom 

Aristotle’s four causes to understand a phenomenon included material, formal, efficient, and final cause

True

According to Aristotle, recall refers to an actual mental search for a previous experience.

True

Attributing human qualities and abilities to nonhuman animals and natural phenomena is called ___________________.

Anthropomorphism 

The study of knowledge is called ____________.

Epistemology 

In the 5th and 6th centuries B.C., the Greeks’ explanation of things were still predominately _______________ in nature.

Religious 

Define relativism.

Belief that because all experience must be filtered through individual and group perspectives, the search for universal truths that exit independently of human experience must be in vain.

What is presentism?

Interpreting and evaluating historical events in terms of contemporary knowledge and standards.

Nerves were the means by which “vibrations” were conducted from the sense receptors to the brain and from the brain to the muscles. This was Hartley's view.

True

According to Rousseau, people do not cling to life because it is pleasant, rather, they cling to life because they fear death

False

Darwin's influence played a significant role in the development of functionalism and subsequently behaviorism.

True

The process by which a person’s character could be determined by analyzing his or her facial characteristics is called _____________. 

Physiognomy

Weber's law helps explain _________________________-

Just noticeable difference

Pleasure comes from entertaining clear ideas, which are conducive to the mind’s survival is a tenet of _____________________.

Spinoza

Darwin concluded that supermen are people who are approaching their full potential, because standard morality does not govern their lives.

False

Spinoza proposed that God, nature, and mind were aspects of the same substance.

True

Who believed the nervous system was a set of hollow tubes connecting the sense receptors with cavities in the brain? 

Descartes

Behavior and thought must be guided by reason, not passion, for one to survive is a tenet of ________________________. 

Spinoza

The concept of Social Darwinism was constructed by Galton.

False

According to Kant, first have a thesis (a point of view) and an antithesis (opposite point of view).

F

According to Bell, the mind’s task was to create a reasonably accurate conception of reality from the various “signs” that it receives from the body’s sensory systems; the mind is active. 

F

_________________ proposed a theory of evolution before Darwin.

Descartes

Highest pleasure is understanding the laws of nature, which is understanding God is a tenet of _____________________.

Spinoza

Who devised a theory of color vision which proposed three types of color receptors corresponding to the three primary additive colors?

Von Helmholtz

Spinoza believed that we really do not have free will.

T

In addition to his studies of memory, Titchener became the leading researcher in psychophysics following the death of Fechner. 

F

The phenomenologies of Brentano, Stumpf, and Husserl all insisted that the proper subject matter of

psychology was intact, meaningful psychological experiences. 

F

Romanticism emphasized the irrational components of human nature. 

T

Who suggested that intelligent people seek solitude while the common people are gregarious?

Schopenhauer 

Rationalists proposed an active mind that interacts with information from the senses and gives it meaning that it otherwise would not have. 

True

The belief that the mind consists of several powers or faculties is called Faculty Psychology.

True

This week we watched a video about the history of psychology in class and found an error in the content having to do with the location of Sigmund Freud's lab.

True

Binet was interested in what makes people different, not their similarities. 

T

Charles Spearmen used factor analysis (a complex statistical technique based on correlations), he proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence consisting of a specific factor and a general factor. 

T

Weber investigated the sense of touch and mapped out the sensitivity of touch for the entire body using the two-point threshold. 

T

The examination of the bumps and depressions on the skull in order to determine the strength and weaknesses of various mental faculties is called faculty psychology.

F

_____________________ popularized the practice of phrenology with books and demonstrations of its uses. 

Who suggested that education should take advantage of natural impulses rather than distort them?

Rousseau

Who proposed the concept of alienation (self-estrangement)? 

Hegel

Who was the father of Romanticism?

Rousseau 

Structuralism was the school of psychology founded by Titchener with the goal of which was to describe the structure of the mind. 

T

Spencer is the father of modern psychology.

F

The most important aspects of humans are their personal, subjective interpretations of life and the choices they make in light of those interpretations falls under ___________________. 

Existentialism

A period during which western philosophy embraced the belief that unbiased reason or the objective methods of science could reveal the principles governing the universe was called the __________________________.

The Enlightenment

Wernicke's area is responsible for speech production. 

False

Rationalists proposed an active reasoning mind that acts on information from the senses and gives it meaning.

True

To control one’s life, tendency to gain mastery over one’s self and one’s destiny is a tenet of Nietzsche. 

t

It was Herbert Spencer who coined the phrase "Survival of the fittest" and applied it to society.

T

Wundt's method of introspection was not the unstructured self-observation used by earlier philosophers. 

T

Kant contended that our mental experience was always structured by the categories of thought. 

T

______________________________ contends that God is nature and nature is lawful.

Spinoza

Rousseau emphasized feelings in contrast to reason as the important guiding force in human nature, the best guide for human conduct is a person’s honest feelings and inclinations. 

T

True

According to Locke, JND = just noticeable difference. 

F

Early reaction-time study illustrated importance of individual differences and demonstrated the importance of discrepancy between objective and subjective reality. 

T

Arthur Schopenhauer is the father of Romanticism. 

F

Phenomenology has to do with the subjective experience of a phenomena.

T

Who popularized the practice of phrenology with books and demonstrations of its uses?

Spurzheim

Broca's area is responsible for speech comprehension. 

F