Greek+myth Exam 2 Review

Demeter

fertility of the soil, earth

daughter of cronus and rhea (two titans)

demeter

roman ceres

goddess of grain

what does Demeter’s name mean

da or de (means earth)

what other roles does Demeter also play

sustainer of life

demeter and zeus’s daughter

persephone

what is perspehones’s roman name?

Proserpina

why are there seasons?

how did Demeter establish her “mysteries”?

chances for a better afterlife

persephone’s disappearance

persephone was outside picking flowers and the god of the underworld Hades came form the underground to abduct her

why does Hades do this?

he can’t attract anyone because he symbolizes death and gloominess

Demeter’s sorrow/Mourning

-no one would tel her where her daughter went

-there was no fertility, no bath, did not eat, everything was soulless

Hecate association with Demeter

-told Demeter that she had heard persephone being abducted

what did hecate tell Demeter, who did she tell Demeter to look for and why?

-hecate tells Demeter to look for helios

-this is because helios is the god of the sun and he “sees everything”

what did helios tell Demeter in return

helios had told Demeter that Zeus was that one that had let Hades take Persephone as his bride, this made Demeter angry and she didn’t return to Olympus

maiden well

-she didn’t return to my olympia

-she “traveled” and she sat by the maiden’s well where other draw water from

the four daughters of king Celeus

they didn’t recognize Demeter as Demeter because she is disguised as Leo

-they were in line and beheld (observing) Demeter because they had to come to fetch the fair-flowing water

who are the four daughters of King Celeus

-callidice

-cleisidice

-demo=the charming daughter?

-catllithoe=the eldest of the four daughters

metaneria

-the queen and wife of the king celeus

-she offered sweet wine to Demeter but was rejected

Iambe

-she tells of jokes and mockeries that eventually brought Demeter a more positive mood after

what did Demeter ask instead of the wine that was offered by metaneria? what did she do to the drink?

-mixed drink of barley meal and water+ with a tender herb of mint

-she made it libation (drink that was offered only to a deity

demophoon

-demeter was sent to nurse him because the king had asked her to do so??

-deo nourishes the baby, gave him ambrosia (food of the immortal), the baby then flurosihed and are like a god

-demophoon could have been given the gift of not getting of old age and death but Meaner witnessed the scene where Demeter had put the baby in the fires to nurse him

Demeter reveals herself and demands a temple

-deo reveals how she is the goddess of fertility

-tells them that there’s a need of a temple for her

barren earth

-the earth has gone miserable

-no crops, no seed, famine

attempt to console

-zeus tries to console demeter for the loss of persephone

-he sends hermes to Hades to ask for Persephone back

reunion of Demeter and persephone

-they had reunited but Persephone has take the fruit of the underworld, so she has to stay for a third of the year

because persephone has to stay a third of the year in the underworld…

then came seasons, when persephone is in the underworld, Demeter mourns= less ability to grow crops, to harvest

restoration of fertility and institution of mysteries

-it was forbidden to know and was kept a secret of the mysteries of food/crop

what happens when the mysteries do get revealed?

death, if mortals learned how to grow crops from Demeter, it would be a disaster

who are Demeter’s fine “mysteries”?

triptolenos, polyxeinos, diocles

where is Eleusis (Demeter)

14 miles west of Athens

what is eleusis

the sanitary of Demeter Eleusinia

hymn to demeter time period?

600 bc, panjellenic

what: hymn to demeter

-emphasis on women promoting fertile of crops (thesmophoria)

-she also reaches others about cultivation (mainly male priests about the rules? (Triptolemus)

thesmophoria

emphasis on women promoting fertile of crops

Triptolemus

she also reaches others about cultivation (mainly male priests about the rules?

____ gave their first fruits offering to ____

Athenians, Demeter Eleusinia

what were the athenians first fruits/crops

1/600 barley; 1/200 wheat

Early Autumn: planting season

-procession to coast (bathing piglets)

-sacrifice of piglets (Athens)

-procession of initiates to Eleusis

-Rituals in Eleusis

rituals of elesuis 1

-demeter

-kore (persephone)

pluton (god of the underworld?

rituals of elesuis 2

-eumolpidae (families of preists at eleusis)

-hierophant (priest who interprets sacred mysteries, holy

jesting and kykeon

-jesting=joking matter

-kykeon=drinks that are made of barely or mainly water

how the rituals of eleusis works

-reunion outside

-culimnimating (final) ritual inside

culimnimating revelation of the mysteries

-single harvested head of grain that is being observed in silence

thesmorphoria

part of the autumn festival? (13th pyanopsion in Athens

who did the thesmorphoria only let in

only women

anodos

“way up”

nesteia

“fasting”

kalligeneia

“day/goddess of “fair birth” “

what were thrown into the pits/caves at the earlier festival of thesmorphoria?

pigs

-the swineherds (people who tend pigs) would be swelled in the ground when Persephone abducted

eumolpidae

another family of priests that maintained the elesuinan mysteries during HELLENISTIC period

ceryces

a family priest in Athens for the eleseuin mysteries

epopteia

“the seeing”?

-the highest stage of initiation (admitting someone into a society/group oftenly with a ritual?

Aphrodite

who is aprohrodite the daughter of

Dione and zeus

Dione

-oceanid? (Hesiod)

-sky goddess (dodona)

aprohidte appearance in literatures

-appeared in early greek literature, late 8th centuries

-appeared in homer and hesiod

where were the three posiblies that Aphrodite had originate from

-near east

-cyprus

-indo-European

Aphrodite in the near east

-said that she came from the east

-did not appear in the linear b tablets

-she appeared in stories outside of Greece

Aphrodite in cyprus

-it was said the earliest cult place for the greeks to honor Aphrodite was Cyprus (not compatible)

-where she was highlighted by Hesiod, it was where she was caught by hesphaesteus of Aphrodite and ares affair

-Cyrus was closely associated with Aphrodite in the homeric hymns

Aphrodite in Indo-European

-the place where it deemed to be golden to shrine?

-sensuousness and radiant beauty

-eventually the goddess splits= eos and Aphrodite

nestor cup associated with Aphrodite

-said the whoever drinks from the nestor cup, Aphrodite will seize the drinker

what was the nestor cup symbol

-it showed the examples of the Phoenician-influenced greek alphabet for the very first time in Greece

Indo-European proponents: “aphros”

sea foam

Indo-European proponents: hodites

“wanderer”, di= to shine

Near Eastern proponents: prazit

lady of the villages

Aphrodites empithets: Cypris

the cyprian

-close relationship to Cyprus

Aphrodites empithets: cyprogenes

cyprus born

Cythereia

= the cytherian

what is aprodite’s relationship to cythereia

-said it was the place where to wandered to, aphrodite approached island, the early cult sanctuary

-she may be connected to the ugaritic god of craftsman 

*connected to the greek craftsman: her husband hephaestus

ourania

=heavenly

-the heavenly one

Aphrodite’s appearance

-appeared as a symbol for love and sex

-in both Hesiod and the homeric hymn

philommedides

smile-loving

chrusee

=golden

love and sex (plato’s symposium

goddess that deals with relations among one another

-she affects everybody, including the gods, the immortals

-humans and desire

Aphrodite stood as ___ (mingling) and ____ (persuasion)

mixis, peitho

-what aphrodite is good at, she herself is not immune to minling herself, she is also really good at persuading people 

peitho

the greek word for = persuasion, seduction, and inducement

Sappho’s prayers to Aphrodite

-where she asked the goddess for her suffering of a heartbreak, her unrequited love for ?

kestos himas

ears this embroidered strap worn around her breast that enders her sexually, makes her sexually irresistible

who has Aphrodite lend the kesetos himas to

-hera

-lended it to Hera for zeus to pay more attention to hera, be more attracted to people

who was Aphrodite’s son

Aeneas

Praxiteles of Athens

- the first statue of aphrodite in 3 dimensional and monumental form

-revolutionary

three graces: aglaea

splendor, elegance

three graces: euphrosyne

good cheer, mirth

three graces: Thalia

abundance, youth and beauty

what are the three graces?

the daughters of zeus and eurynome

-represented as the gifts that they bring to humanity

the horae/seasons

-stood as a symbol for seasons, for oder and justice

-zeus and Themis

eros

-attends Aphrodite after her birht

-said to be the son of Aphrodite and ares

what is eros like and what does he do

-uses arrows to affect his victim

-playful child-god, becomes capricious (hellenistic)

eros association with Apollo and Daphne

eros shoots apollo with arrow to be in love with daphne, daphne shoots herself an arrow to not fall for apollo

hesphaeostus

-aphrodite “known” husband

*he does have multiple wives/differnet wives elsewhere

ares

-deemed to be her lover and husband

-children=eros, Demis, Phobos, Harmonia

virigin goddesses

Athena, Artemis, Hestia une to Aphrodite’s power to make many gods/godesses fall in love with mortals

-zeus was also unable to behold of her powers so he made her fall in love with the mortal

who cause aprohodite to fall for a mortal? and why?

-zeus caused Aphrodite to fall for the mortal because ehe has make the image of a virign look too bad

who was the mortal that Aphrodite has fallen for ?

-the mortal was Anchises

who is Anchises

trojan hero

Aeneas

-hero of troy and Rome

-son of Aphrodite and Anchises

adonis

-son of cinyras and myrrha

-love affair of Aphrodite and persephone??

*somewhat of an eastern influence?

-youth of remarkable beauty

-he catches the two eyes of the goddesses so he spends half of his time with each goddess

myrrah

-mother of adonis

-she was transformed into a myrrh tree because she fall in love with her father??

-and soon falls preg, she gave birth to adonis in tree form

Hippolytus

-worshipper of artemis

-did not/refuse respect Aphrodite?