Theology III-H 24-25 Final Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering vocabulary from the Theology III-H 24-25 Final Exam Review Notes.

Social Contract

A set of unwritten rules that a society operates by in order to keep order and thrive.

Mitigating Circumstance

Background behind a human act that lessens the significance of the situation.

Aggravating Circumstance

Background behind a human act that makes the situation worse.

Purpose

The reason behind a human act (the why).

Immoral

Bad/wrong act.

Nonmoral

Neutral act.

Authentic Good

Making selfless love our priority; steadfast and unfailing commitment to the well-being of others.

Objective

Fact; outside the mind; the world as it is.

Subjective

Opinion/Interpretation; inside the mind; the world as you perceive it to be.

Gravity

The level of seriousness of an act.

Culpability

The degree of responsibility each person carries in a certain situation.

Intrinsic Evil

An act that is in and of itself evil; an act that has no mitigating circumstances.

Socialization

Process by which a person observes and learns behavioral norms and how to live and act in society; influenced by social environment.

Utilitarianism

A belief that good derives from usefulness.

Indoctrination

Influenced by “teachers” - being taught what to think about people and the world.

Legalism/Absolutism

A belief that good derives from adherence to the law.

Natural Law

Universal and immutable law of human nature; natural inclination to do good; core of social contract.

Evangelization

Spreading the “good news;” spreading the Gospel to all people.

Deposits of Faith

The body of revealed truth in Scripture and Tradition.

The Kingdom of God

Place of faithfulness and justice.

Human Vocation

A calling to a life of joy and service.

Freedom

A product of the social contract; the social contract allows us to be free to move about safely in a society.

Venial Sin

Smaller sins that weaken our relationship with God, often committed because of laziness or bad habits.

Mortal Sin

Complete rejection of our relationship with God; grave action, full knowledge, deliberate.

Sin of Commission

When we do something that moves us further away from God.

Sin of Omission

When we fail to do something and so we move further away from God.

Formal Cooperation

Direct and clear involvement in act/sin itself; direct willingness of evil.

Material Cooperation

Someone supplies resources for the act/sin to be carried out.

Principle of Cooperation

Distinguishing between formal and material cooperation.

Theological Virtues

Faith, Hope, and Charity.

Cardinal Virtues

Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance.

Civil Disobedience

Act of peacefully breaking a law in order to demonstrate that the established law is unjust; informed and moved by our healthy conscience

Forgiveness

Releasing anger or tension against someone who harmed you.

Subsidiarity

smaller groups might be marginalized, but the Church tries to include them.

Participation

Active involvement in society.

Common Good

The sum benefit of human fulfillment, good for all people; built on Respect, Peace, Opportunity (RPO).

Conscience

An intellectual source of moral awareness.

Chastity

Sexual self-control in an effort to align the spiritual, sexual, and emotional self; battle against sin and reckless impulses - avoids a disordered life; temperance.

Hedonism

A belief that good derives from happiness.

Praxis

Faith/love in action.

Doctrine

Set of truths revealed by God and taught by the Church.

Four Sources of Moral Theology

Scripture, Reason, Experience, and Tradition.

Free Will

Everyone has this, because we are all created by God who endows us with it.

Autonomy

The ability of a human to choose freely without the influence or coercion of others; earned with experience and age.

Healthy Conscience

The intellectual source of moral awareness; guilt is the result of a healthy conscience.

Lax Conscience

Inner voice that is not very good at guiding you towards doing what’s right, or else easily ignored; relaxed, unrestricted, permissive.

Misinformed Conscience

Acting based on things you have heard from other people and not from your own thoughts; people who are sometimes given information or assumptions about right and wrong that are mistaken.

Original Sin

Occurrence or state of temptation of sin, due to Adam and Eve’s original sin in the Bible.

Legalistic Conscience

When people are so caught up in obeying rules perfectly that they cannot see the real needs of a situation.

Social Sin

The collective sins of society - when there is a breakdown in society of the justice triangle

Cooperative Justice

The fair treatment of all people for the common good of society, from one individual to another.

Stewardship

Care (for creation).

Contributive Justice

Obligation of all members of society to contribute to the common good, from one individual to society.

Option for the Poor

The Christian obligation to first and foremost care for the poor and marginalized.

Distributive Justice

Fair allocation of resources from authority to society.

Solidarity

Inclusion.

Gaudium Et Spes

Hopes, Joys, Griefs, Anguish.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.

Rerum Novarum

An encyclical which discussed the rights and duties of capital and labor.

Catholic Social Teaching

Doctrine of the Catholic Church focused on the common good of society and human dignity.

Marginalization

Treatment of a person/group as insignificant - people on the margins or periphery of society.

Procreative

The goal is to produce new life together.

Unitive

The goal is to grow together in union as a married couple.

Consistent Ethic of Life

All human life is valuable and all humans have dignity; abortion, death penalty all take human life and disregard.

The Four Loves

Agape, Storge, Eros, Philia

Homosexuality

Any sexual act that takes place outside the bond of marriage does not fulfill the proper ends of human sexuality; Homosexual acts are immoral, but may never be used to justify violence or unjust discrimination.

Natural Family Planning

Supported by Church as morally acceptable - respects dignity and confines of marriage.

Contraception

The Church opposes all forms of contraception.

Death Penalty

The church opposes all forms of death penalty because it threatens innocent life and disproportionately affects people of color and in poverty

Abortion

Never justified to directly and effectively terminate a pregnancy at any stage of fetal development; intrinsic evil.

Euthanasia

The Church opposes all forms of Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide.