Psychological Science 7th Edition- Chapter 4, Consciousness

Consciousness

Ones moment-to-moment subjective experience of the world

Change Blindness

A failure to notice large changes in one's environment

How do limits on consciousness contribute to change blindness?

Major changes to the environment may go unnoticed when conscious awareness is focused elsewhere

Endogenous Attention

Attention that is directed voluntarily

Exogenous attention

Attention that is directed involuntarily by a stimulus

Freudian Slip

a verbal mistake that is thought to reveal an unconscious belief, thought, or emotion

Priming

A facilitation in the response to a stimulus due to recent experience with that stimulus or a related stimulus

Subliminal Perception

The processing of information by sensory systems without conscious awareness

Autonomic Processing

unconscious encoding of everyday info, such as space , time , frequency , and well learned word meanings

Controlled Processing

"explicit" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious

Meditation

a mental procedure that focuses attention on an external object, an internal event, or on a sense of awareness

What is flow?

The state of being deeply immersed in a completely enjoyable and satisfying experience that may have no consequences beyond itself

Hypnosis

A social interaction during which a person, responding to suggestions, experiences changes in memory, perception, and/or voluntary action

sociocognitive theory of hypnosis

hypnotized people are not in an altered state, but they behave in a way that is expected in that situation

Hypnosis Anaglesia

A form of pain reduction

Circadian Rythms

Biological patterns that occur at regular intervals as a function of time of day

Sleep/Wake Cycle

Change in light register in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In response, this region signals the pineal gland when the time for sleep or the time for wakefulness has come. In response, this region signals the pineal gland when the time for sleep or the time for wakefulness has come.

REM Sleep

The stage of sleep, marked by rapid eye movements, paralysis of motor systems, and dreaming

What hormone is released by the pineal gland, promotes deep sleep?

Melatonin

Dreams

Products of an altered state of consciousness in which images and fantasies are confused with reality

The Interpretation of Dreams

Sigmund Freud believed that dreams must have meaning, and that they allowed the unconscious or suppressed desires to surface. Basically your libido (mind energy) was trying to discharge.

Manifest Content

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

Latent Content

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

A hypothesis of dreaming proposing that the brain tries to make sense of random brain activity that occurs during sleep by synthesizing the activity with stored memories

Insomnia

A disorder characterized by an inability to sleep that causes significant problems in daily living.

Pseudoinsomnia

people dream they are not sleeping

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A disorder in which people, while asleep, stop breathing because their throat closes; the condition results in frequent awakenings during the night

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder in which people experience excessive sleepiness during normal waking hours, sometimes going limp and collapsing.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Impairments in mental functioning caused by a blow to or very sharp movement of the head

Unresponsive wakefulness Syndrome

when people appear to have emerged from coma yet do not respond to external stimuli for more than a month

Brain Death

irreversible loss of brain function

How does unresponsive wakefulness syndrome differ from brain death?

Those in a state of unresponsive wakefulness show some abnormal brain function, while those who are brain dead show no brain function

Psychoactive Drugs

Cause changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or behavior

Stimulants

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Depressants

Decrease behavioral and mental activity

Opioids

Reduce the experience of pain, bring pleasure

Hallucinogens/Psychedelics

Alter thoughts or perceptions

Combination

Mixed efforts (example, Marijuana)

Which type of drug heightens behavioral and mental activity?

Stimulants, such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and Cochin

What type of drug is in adderall, used to treat ADHD

An amphetamine (a stimulant)

What is the definition of Binge Drinking?

drinking five or more drinks in one sitting