Biotechnology and Genetics Review

Practice flashcards based on biotechnology and genetics concepts from the lecture notes.

What is the primary ethical concern regarding the use of biotechnology?

Potential for misuse and unintended consequences.

What is the purpose of using gel electrophoresis in forensic science?

To compare DNA samples.

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of genetic engineering in agriculture?

Reducing the variety of plants.

What is the main purpose of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique?

To make many copies of specific DNA.

What is the genetic basis of sickle cell disease?

A specific mutation in the gene for hemoglobin.

How does the sickle cell allele provide resistance to malaria?

By causing the body to remove infected cells more quickly.

What is the probability that a child will have cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers?

25% chance.

On which chromosome are sex-linked genes located?

X-chromosome.

What is the purpose of selective breeding?

Choosing the best parents to produce desired traits.

What is the role of CRISPR in genetic engineering?

Editing genes.

What is a potential benefit of genetically modified (GM) crops?

Engineered to produce more food.

Why are more males affected by hemophilia than females?

Males have only one X chromosome.

What is a pedigree chart used for?

To track inheritance and affected individuals in a family.

What is the primary goal of gene therapy?

To fix faulty genes.

What is the role of genetic testing in healthcare?

To identify genetic risks for inherited conditions.

What conclusion can be drawn from a karyotype showing trisomy 21?

The patient has Down Syndrome.

What is the karyotype of a sperm cell that unites with an egg cell (23, X) to form a baby boy?

23, Y.

How could a couple inherit Tay-Sachs Disease if neither of them has the disease?

Both could be carriers of the allele.

What breeding technique did Luther Burbank use for potatoes?

Hybridization.

What is binomial nomenclature?

A two-name system used to scientifically classify organisms.

What is a cladogram?

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

What is adaptive radiation?

The rapid diversification of an ancestral species into a variety of new forms.

Define coevolution.

The process in which two species evolve in response to changes in each other.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose and oxygen.

What is the function of ATP in cellular respiration?

It provides energy for cellular processes.

What part of ATP is removed to convert it to ADP?

One phosphate group.