1027 MIDTERM EXAMReview

Anishinaabek

A group of Indigenous peoples in Canada and the northern United States, known for their rich cultural heritage.

Haudenosaunee

A confederation of several Native American tribes located in the northeastern U.S. and Canada.

Lūnaapéewak

The traditional territory of the Lenape people, primarily located in present-day New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

Chonnonton

A historical Indigenous group associated with the Great Lakes region.

Dish with One Spoon Covenant Wampum

A peace treaty between Indigenous nations emphasizing shared responsibility for the land.

Meritocracy

An ideology where societal roles and rewards are based on individual merit, such as talent and effort.

Sociological Imagination

The ability to connect personal experiences with larger social forces and structures.

Equity

The principle of fairness in providing varying levels of support based on individual needs and circumstances.

Statistical Patterns

Data-driven evidence showing relationships between arbitrary factors and perceived merit.

Absolute Fairness

An ideal concept where everyone is treated impartially; seldom achievable in practice.

Juice & Equity

Fair treatment and the historical remedy of oppression in societal contexts.

Functionalist Perspective

A view that sees society as a system of interdependent parts working in harmony.

Conflict Perspective

A view emphasizing power struggles and conflicts between different social groups.

Labor Exploitation

A situation where capitalists profit from laborers' work, often underpaying them.

Psychological Impacts of Meritocracy

The belief in meritocracy can result in self-blame and feelings of inadequacy among individuals.

C. Wright Mills

Sociologist known for developing the concept of Sociological Imagination.

Low Income Cut-Off (LICO)

A statistical measure used to define poverty levels based on income.

Relative Poverty

Economic status compared to others in society, highlighting disparities in living standards.

Absolute Poverty

The state of lacking resources necessary for basic living standards.

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

A composite measure of an individual's or family's economic and social position.

Wealth Disparities

Significant differences in wealth distribution within a society.

Gini Index

A statistical measure of income inequality, ranging from 0 (complete equality) to 1 (complete inequality).

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite index measuring a country's social and economic development.

Functionalists vs. Conflict Theorists

Functionalists focus on social stability, while Conflict Theorists emphasize social power dynamics.

Feminist Lens

A critical perspective focusing on gender inequalities and the structures that perpetuate them.

Modernization Theory

A theory advocating for Western-style development in developing countries.

Dependency Theory

A theory arguing that poorer nations depend on wealthier ones, leading to cycles of inequality.

Core Countries

Wealthy, developed nations that dominate global trade and economics.

Semi-Periphery Countries

Nations that are in transition, exhibiting traits of both core and peripheral countries.

Periphery Countries

Less developed nations reliant on raw materials and vulnerable to market fluctuations.

Cultural Connections

Intangible relationships affecting societal issues shaped by shared beliefs and values.

Cash Crops

Crops grown for sale rather than for personal consumption, often linked to exploitation.

Post-Truth

A cultural condition where personal beliefs overtake objective facts in public opinion.

Intersectionality

The study of overlapping social identities and their interconnected systems of discrimination.

Social Construction

A theory that emphasizes the ways in which social phenomena are created through human interaction.

Labeling Theory

The concept that labels, once assigned, influence a person's self-identity and behavior.

Thomas Theorem

If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.

Social Cohesion

The bonds that connect individuals in a society, promoting stability and unity.

Deviance

Behavior that violates social norms and expectations.

Crime Severity Index (CSI)

A measurement that weighs crimes based on their seriousness.

Authoritarian Personality Theory

The idea that individuals with rigid and intolerant personalities are more likely to hold prejudiced views.

Realistic Conflict Theory

A theory suggesting that competition over limited resources fuels prejudice.

Contact Theory

A hypothesis that positive interactions among different groups can reduce prejudice.

Intersectionality in Global Inequality

A framework that examines how overlapping identities impact experiences of oppression.

Social Inequality

Unequal access to resources and opportunities, patterned by demographic differences.

Indigenous Peoples

The original inhabitants of a region with distinct cultures and histories.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Global goals established to address poverty, inequality, and environmental sustainability.

Fast Fashion

A retail strategy focused on rapidly producing inexpensive clothing to match trends.

Debt Relief

Strategies aimed at reducing or canceling the debts of poorer nations.

Development Assistance

Financial aid provided to developing countries to foster growth.

Global Capitalism

An economic system characterized by global market integration and capitalist practices.

Wealth Inequality

The unequal distribution of assets among individuals or groups within a society.

Feminist Theories

Theories that analyze societal structures through the lens of gender relations and inequalities.

Social Dynamics

The patterns and processes of change in social relationships and structures.

Community Development

Efforts aimed at empowering residents and fostering local businesses and initiatives.

Criminal Labeling

The assignment of a 'criminal' label can negatively impact an individual’s identity and prospects.

Intersection of Race and Class

The ways in which these two social categories interact to shape individuals' experiences.

Educational Attainment

The highest level of education an individual has completed.

Occupational Prestige

The level of social esteem associated with a particular occupation.

Sociological frameworks

Theoretical lenses through which sociologists analyze social phenomena.

Core Periphery Relations

The dynamics and interdependencies between wealthy (core) and poorer (periphery) nations.

Juxtaposition of Ideologies

The contrasting belief systems that shape social policies and norms.

Social Mobility

The ability of individuals to move up or down the social ladder.

Cultural Capital

Non-financial social assets that promote social mobility.

Case Studies

In-depth examinations of specific examples to contribute to sociological understanding.

Invisible Knapsack

A metaphor for the unacknowledged privileges white people hold in society.

Social Validation

The process through which members of society confer legitimacy to individuals or behaviors.

Self-Identity

The recognition of one's potential and qualities as an individual.

Enfranchisement

The granting of rights, especially the right to vote.

Inclusive Policies

Regulations or directives aimed at promoting equity and diversity.

Whiteness,” definition:

A social construct that grants advantages to white individuals in society.

Economic Relationships

The complex dynamics involving trade, labor, and capital among groups.

Micro-Aggressions

Subtle, often unintentional, remarks or actions that reflect prejudice.

Societal Norms

The unwritten rules that govern behavior in a society.

Gender Privilege

The unearned benefits and social advantages afforded to individuals based on gender.