You-Nique

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Cell

The building block of all living things.

Cell Membrane

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like fluid within the cell where chemical reactions occur.

Nucleus

Controls all cell activities and contains genetic material.

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes within the nucleus.

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis found only in plant cells.

Cell Wall

Provides structure and support to plant cells

Mitochondria

Known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell, produces energy through cellular respiration.

Ribosomes

Produce proteins and can be found free-floating or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesizes and transports materials around the cell; can be smooth or rough.

Golgi Body

Modifies, packages, and ships proteins out of the cell.

Vacuole

Temporary storage space in a cell for water, food, and waste.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule containing genetic instructions for the development and function of living things.

Nucleotide

The building block of DNA, composed of phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Double Helix

The 3D shape of DNA, resembling a spiral staircase.

Gene

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Chromosome

Structures that tightly package DNA, humans have 46.

Haploid

Cells containing one set of chromosomes (e.g., sperm and egg).

Diploid

Cells containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g., body cells).

Karyotype

A picture of all chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs.

Autosomal Dominant

A trait that is expressed if at least one allele is present.

Autosomal Recessive

A trait that requires two copies of the allele to be expressed.

Phenotype

The observable physical traits of an organism.

Alleles

Different versions of the same gene.

Punnett Square

A tool used to predict the inheritance of traits.

Pedigree

A family tree diagram that shows the inheritance of traits across generations.