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What is the method of cloning called that uses embryo transplants
embryo cloning
Explain the process of embryo cloning to produce the best cattle
Egg cells from the best cow are artificially fertilised using sperm cells from the best bull
This forms an embryo
The developing animal embryo is then split apart many times before the cells of the embryo become specialised
This forms many seperate embryos that are genetically identical
These cloned embryos are then transplanted into host mothers
Calves born from host mother are genetically identical
What is the method of cloning called that uses adult cells?
Adult cell cloning
How is adult cell cloning achieved
the nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
the nucleus from an adult body cell (e.g. skin cell) is inserted into the egg cell
small electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide by mitosis to form an embryo
these embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult cell
when the embryo has developed, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female known as a surrogate mother to continue development until birth
What is an example of adult cell cloning?
Dolly the sheep
What are 3 benefits of cloning?
could be used to help preserve endangered species of plants and animals
makes it possible to quickly and cheaply produce commercial quantities of high quality plants at any time of year
allows farmers to ensure consistent, high quality livestock
What are three risks of cloning?
result in reduced gene pool - fewer alleles in a population, population has smaller chance of resistance to new diseases
cloned animals may not be as healthy as normal ones
people worry that humans might be cloned in the future - considered deeply unethical and early attempts might be unsuccessful (children with severe disabilities)
diagram of embryo cloning
diagram of adult cell cloning
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