5.19B - The Production of Cloned Mammals
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What is the method of cloning called that uses embryo transplants
embryo cloning
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Explain the process of embryo cloning to produce the best cattle
* Egg cells from the best cow are artificially fertilised using sperm cells from the best bull
* This forms an embryo
* The developing animal embryo is then split apart many times before the cells of the embryo become specialised
* This forms many seperate embryos that are genetically identical
* These cloned embryos are then transplanted into host mothers
* Calves born from host mother are genetically identical
* This forms an embryo
* The developing animal embryo is then split apart many times before the cells of the embryo become specialised
* This forms many seperate embryos that are genetically identical
* These cloned embryos are then transplanted into host mothers
* Calves born from host mother are genetically identical
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What is the method of cloning called that uses adult cells?
Adult cell cloning
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How is adult cell cloning achieved
* the nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
* the nucleus from an adult body cell (e.g. skin cell) is inserted into the egg cell
* small electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide by mitosis to form an embryo
* these embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult cell
* when the embryo has developed, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female known as a surrogate mother to continue development until birth
* the nucleus from an adult body cell (e.g. skin cell) is inserted into the egg cell
* small electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide by mitosis to form an embryo
* these embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult cell
* when the embryo has developed, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female known as a surrogate mother to continue development until birth
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What is an example of adult cell cloning?
Dolly the sheep
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What are 3 benefits of cloning?
* could be used to help preserve endangered species of plants and animals
* makes it possible to quickly and cheaply produce commercial quantities of high quality plants at any time of year
* allows farmers to ensure consistent, high quality livestock
* makes it possible to quickly and cheaply produce commercial quantities of high quality plants at any time of year
* allows farmers to ensure consistent, high quality livestock
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What are three risks of cloning?
* result in reduced gene pool - fewer alleles in a population, population has smaller chance of resistance to new diseases
* cloned animals may not be as healthy as normal ones
* people worry that humans might be cloned in the future - considered deeply unethical and early attempts might be unsuccessful (children with severe disabilities)
* cloned animals may not be as healthy as normal ones
* people worry that humans might be cloned in the future - considered deeply unethical and early attempts might be unsuccessful (children with severe disabilities)
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diagram of embryo cloning
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diagram of adult cell cloning
