Resource Management Notes (Topic 6)

Primary Memory (RAM)

Essential for holding actively processed data and programs, directly impacting performance.

Secondary Storage (HDD/SSD/Optical)

Provides non-volatile storage for data and programs when the system is powered off.

Processor Speed

Determines the rate at which the CPU can execute instructions.

Processor Cores

Enables the processor to handle multiple tasks simultaneously.

Bandwidth

Measures the data transmission capacity of communications channels.

Disk Storage

External storage solutions for data backups and archiving.

Screen Resolution

Represents the pixel count on a display.

Sound Processor

Dedicated hardware for managing audio reproduction.

Graphics Processor (GPU)

Specialized processor for handling complex graphics processing tasks.

Cache

Small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data for quicker CPU access.

Network Connectivity (NIC/WNIC/Bluetooth)

Enables connections to networks and other devices, supporting wired and wireless communication.

Supercomputers

Designed for calculation-intensive tasks.

Mainframes

Suited for bulk data processing and transaction management.

Servers

Manage network resources.

Personal Computers (PCs)

General-purpose computing devices for individual use.

Laptops

Portable PCs offering similar functionality to desktop computers.

Smart Phones

Mobile phones with extended computing functionality.

Digital Cameras

Capture and store digital images and videos.

Primary Memory Limitation

Insufficient RAM leads to application lags and system instability.

Secondary Storage Limitation

Limited storage capacity prevents installing new applications and slows system functioning.

Processor Speed Limitation

Slow processor speed leads to slower application performance.

Bandwidth Limitation

Inadequate bandwidth results in system slowdowns and reduced network performance.

Cache Limitation

Insufficient cache leads to slower processing speeds and increased latency.

Screen Size/Resolution Limitation

Limited screen size and resolution can result in reduced display quality and eye strain.

Graphics Card Limitation

Slower image rendering and lower frame rates in games and graphical applications.

Sound Processor Limitation

Reduced audio quality, lagging sound, and may increase CPU usage.

Network Connectivity Limitation

Slower internet and network speeds, affecting online activities.

Memory Management

Allocating storage space, tracking program usage, and managing virtual memory.

Peripheral Management

Managing power distribution to peripherals and handling I/O operations.

Hardware Interfaces

Managing power consumption and controlling I/O operations.

Policies

Strategies for job scheduling to optimize CPU utilization and minimize response times.

Scheduling

Allocating CPU time and system resources based on predefined policies.

Multitasking

Enabling the execution of multiple tasks simultaneously.

Paging

Retrieves data from RAM in fixed-size blocks called pages.

Virtual Memory

Using secondary storage to simulate additional RAM.

Interrupts

Signals that interrupt the current process to handle urgent events or requests.

Polling

CPU periodically checks connected devices for requests or readiness.

Dedicated Operating Systems Advantages

Tailored improvements, new features, and faster performance due to optimized resource utilization.

Hiding Hardware Complexity

Simplifies hardware interaction through abstraction.

Drive letters

Abstract physical storage devices.

Virtual memory

Manage memory resources.

Device drivers

Simplified input device management

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Platform-independent execution environment for Java applications.