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National Labor Union (NLU)
1866 by William H. Sylvis
Skilled and unskilled workers
EXCLUDED: immigrants (mainly Chinese)
Better wages, work hours (8), restriction on immigration
Arbitration (settling disputes between themselves) OVER striking
COLORED National Labor Union (CNLU)
1866 by Isaac Meyers
NLU ignored A.Americans
Similar goals
Cooperation between management and labor
Political reform
Knights of Labor
1866 by Uriah Stevens
Terrance V Powderly: key leader
Elizabeth Flynn Rodgers: led Chicago branch
Mother Jones: key organizer
Unite people who made something of value (honest toil)
Welcomed EVERYONE but government workers and Chinese
better wages, work hours, equal pay, and safety codes
Strike was last resort
Strikes of 1886 & 1887 tarnished them
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
1886 by Samuel Gompers
“A Union’s Union” - no individuals
Unions of skilled craft workers
Better wages, work days, liabilities, mine safety laws, “closed shop”
Methods: boycotts and strikes with bargaining
Accepted capitalism but avoided politics