theology: quiz 12

Anamnesis

To remember, not only in the sense of recalling the past as a fact from the past, but of participating in the recalled event so as to share its meaning and power in the present.

Anointing of the sick

once referred to as Extreme Unction and ministered only to those in danger of death, is a prayer of healing for anyone in danger of death from sickness or old age – not just the dying – and may be celebrated individually and communally

Baptism

One of the two (Protestant) or seven (Catholic) sacraments of the church, it is a ritual entailing the use of water and a formula, which serves as the vehicle or means of grace by which individuals are incorporated into the universal church as the body of Christ. Some Christians believe baptism washes away the guilt of original sin; others believe it is our public confession of faith in Christ; others believe it is the means of initiation into the church. Also known as the rite of initiation.

believer’s baptism

public profession and manifestation of the candidate’s conversion

Consubstantiation

the simultaneous presence of both bread and the body of Christ at the same time without change in the substance. The substance of the bread and the body of Christ are present together.

Eschatology

Gk. ta eschata “the last things” or “discourse about the end.”  Eschatology encompasses the larger question, "What is it that Christians can hope for?" Eschatology may take the form of apocalyptic, progress, or various other forms.

Eucharist

A term for the sacrament of bread and wine that emphasizes thanksgiving. Also known as the Mass, Holy Communion, the Lord’s Supper, the Remembrance, and the Bread. Also known as the rite of continuation.

ex opere operato

“by the very performance of the action,” meaning that the effectiveness of the sacrament did not depend on the worthiness of the one who administers it.  The sacraments are “efficacious because in them Christ himself is at work,” Catechism of the Catholic Church

grace

God's graciousness toward and God's presence with us, either through the creation itself, through Jesus Christ, or the sacraments of the church. "Grace" refers to the divine power through the divine presence in contrast to human effort or power.

kingdom of god

The rule or reign of God to which Christians look forward. Christians differ on whether the reign of God is the end of history and beyond history (in heaven) or whether the reign of God is the establishment of the time of the justice and love of God on earth. The phrase occurs 70x in the Synoptic Gospels. The kingdom of God is both present (has come) and future (shall come). It is inaugurated, not consummated. It is already, not yet.

liturgy

lit means “work of the people” or "service," and so it is the work of Christians as their service to God through worship. In common use, the term refers to the rituals of worship, and most especially to the pattern or order of the worship service of a congregation or denomination.

Lord's Supper

The most general designation for the sacrament of bread and wine in which the presence of Christ is mediated to the believer through the ritual.

Marriage

the sacrament of marriage is a covenant which expresses a relationship between a man and a woman – a permanent union of persons capable of knowing and loving each other and God.  The sacrament of marriage is also a liturgical act, appropriately set in a public liturgy at church. It is a means of sanctifying the laity.

mass

A Roman Catholic term for the Lord's Supper, which denotes an understanding that in the sacrament, the sacrifice of Christ on the cross is repeated.

means of grace

Items or elements from the everyday world which serve as vehicles through which the presence of God or Christ is mediated to the believer, such as water, bread, and wine. Means of grace may also include, among other things, prayer, fasting, reading of Scripture, and other acts of piety.

memorialism

Ordinances, memorials, dedications, or pledges we make to God. (Zwingli) Sacraments do not mediate the grace of God more than any other means of grace.

ordinances

The term applied by the Anabaptist traditions to the rites of baptism and the Lord's Supper. The term is used to indicate that these rituals are not sacraments and do not have sacramental meaning or efficacy.

ordination

The rite (or, in Roman Catholic theology, sacrament) by which a person is set apart (by God, the church, a bishop, a denomination, or a congregation) to represent, in a way specified by this body, the ministry of Christ and the ministry of the church.

Paedobaptism

infant baptism

Real presence

Belief that Christ is present in the sacrament of bread and wine. Church traditions have differed on the way this real presence — as opposed to a figurative or symbolic presence — is to be understood, but theories include a spiritual rather than a corporeal presence, consubstantiation (bodily presence with or alongside the bread and wine), and transubstantiation (bread and wine miraculously become the body and blood of Christ)

ritual

a series of actions – saying and doing things – performed according to a prescribed order, specific times, specific places, and embedded in a larger symbolic system such as religion or philosophy

sacrament

An outward sign, channel, or means (water, bread, wine, Trinitarian formula) of an invisible grace through which God conveys God's presence and power to the recipient. Protestants believe there are two sacraments authorized by Christ (dominical institution), while Roman Catholics believe there are seven sacraments.

sacramentals

“sacred signs instituted by the Church to prepare us to receive the fruit of the sacraments and to sanctify different circumstances of our lives” (Catechism, no. 1677). Examples include blessed objects, rosaries, holy water, the blessing of a fleet, a house, a pet, etc.

transubstantiation

The Roman Catholic doctrine that in the Eucharist, through a miracle, the bread and the wine become the body and blood of Christ, though through another miracle the "properties" or "accidents" appear to our senses to be bread and wine.

works righteousness

The idea that we are saved by God as a reward for our good works, that our good works — such as deeds of justice, mercy, and love — make us righteous in the sight of God. This concept stands in conflict with the idea that we are saved by grace through faith alone.

Immersion

●      In the last centuries of the Old Testament era, the Greek word “baptizo” did mean to “immerse.”

●      By the time the New Testament was written, that word described the application of water that included immersing, washing, and pouring.

The Lord’s Prayer/Our Father (Matthew 6:9-13)

“‘Our Father in heaven,

hallowed be your name,

Your kingdom come,

Your will be done,

on earth as it is in heaven.

 

Give us today our daily bread.

And forgive us our debts,

as we also have forgiven our debtors.

And lead us not into temptation,

but deliver us from the evil one

1 Corinthians 11:23-26

“For I received from the Lord what I also handed on to you, that the Lord Jesus, on the night he was handed over, took bread, and, after he had given thanks, broke it and said, 'This is my body that is for you. Do this in remembrance of me. In the same way, also the cup, after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.” For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the death of the Lord until he comes.”

James 5:14-15

If anyone is sick let him call for the elders of the church and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord; and the prayer of faith will save the sick man, and the Lord will raise him up; and if he has committed sins, he will forgiven.”