The opposite of Hydrolysis, forms a new chemical bond rather than Hydrolysis breaking it down. Utilizes water!
New cards
2
Enzyme
Speed up reactions that would take very long on its own. Are proteins that occur in ONLY LIVING ORGANISMS.
New cards
3
Functional group(s)
Any types of molecules made up of carbon and another element other than Hydrogen that give out properties to organic molecules.
New cards
4
Hydrocarbon
Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon.
New cards
5
Hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown of a polymer due to reaction with water, forms monomers.
New cards
6
Metabolism
A living organism that utilizes reactions to make energy.
New cards
7
Monomer
Molecule that can be bonded with other molecules to form a polymer. This is the base.
New cards
8
Organic
Anything containing living matter.
New cards
9
Polymer
Molecules composed of two or more monomers.
New cards
10
Reaction
Any sort of molecular change that occurs in living organisms.
New cards
11
Carbohydrate
Sugar polymers mainly consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. They contain short-term fuel for energy.
New cards
12
Cellulose
A polysaccharide (polymer) of carbohydrates.
New cards
13
Chitin
A polysaccharide with nitrogen found in fungal walls and bugs.
New cards
14
Disaccharide
Two or more monosaccharides bonded together.
New cards
15
Glycogen
The stored form of glucose/sugars.
New cards
16
Monosaccharide
A single sugar such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.
New cards
17
Polysaccharide
A complex sugar made up of many chains of monosaccharides.
New cards
18
Starch
A type of carbohydrate found in only plants.
New cards
19
Fat
A lipid where energy is stored for long-term in the body.
New cards
20
Fatty Acid
The building blocks of lipids, are monomers.
New cards
21
Lipid
Fatty, waxy, or oily organic substances that store energy for long periods of time.
New cards
22
Lipid Bilayer
A phospholipid that creates good cell membranes.
New cards
23
Phospholipid
A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule.
New cards
24
Saturated fatty acid
Lipids that have a carboxyl head and a hydrocarbon chain.
New cards
25
Steroid
An example of a molecule that is made from cholesterol.
New cards
26
Triglyceride
A fat with three fatty acid chains and consists of a glycerol backbone. (Might need to work on this, don't rely on this definition)
New cards
27
Unsaturated fat acid
This is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain.
New cards
28
Denaturization
Process of modifying the structure of a protein. (Primary, secondary, etc)
New cards
29
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
A nucleotide made up of an adenine base, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.
New cards
30
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique.
New cards
31
Nucleic acid
A polymer of nucleotides
New cards
32
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
A single chain of nucleotides, which are composed of deoxyribose sugars.
New cards
33
Nucleotide
A nucleotide is a monomer of nucleic acids. Their job is to carry energy, help enzymes and send messages with chemicals.
New cards
34
Energy
The capacity to do work.
New cards
35
Entropy
A measure of how much the energy of a particular system has become dispersed.
New cards
36
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to get a chemical reaction started.
New cards
37
Endergonic (endothermic)
Means "energy in", takes in energy. Usually cold to the touch.
New cards
38
Exergonic (exothermic)
Means "energy out", releases energy. Usually hot to the touch.
New cards
39
Product
Molecules that are produced by the reaction (after the activation energy/enzyme is used).
New cards
40
Reactant
Molecules that enter a reaction and become changed by it. They are the start in a chemical reaction.
New cards
41
Active Site
Pockets where catalysis occurs.
New cards
42
Catalase
An enzyme that makes a reaction run much faster than it would on its own.
New cards
43
Lock and Key Model
Where the key is a Substrate and the lock is an Enzyme.
New cards
44
Substrate
Molecule that an enzyme acts upon and converts to a product.
New cards
45
How can an Enzyme work?
The enzyme needs to have very specific conditions in order for it to properly work. Molecules have to fit perfectly and need to be complementary in shape, size, polarity, and charge.
New cards
46
What are the three main characteristics of enzymes?
Reusable, speeds up reactions, lowers activation energy.
New cards
47
What kind of Reaction is this?
Endothermic
New cards
48
What kind of Reaction is this?
Exothermic
New cards
49
What elements make up Lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
New cards
50
What elements make up Carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
New cards
51
What elements make up Proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen.
New cards
52
What elements make up Nucleic Acids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous.
Studied by 1 person
Note 
Flashcard (32)