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24 Terms
1
Absolutism
A political system where a single ruler holds all power, often justified by divine right.
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2
3rd Estate
The social class in pre-revolutionary France that comprised 93-96% of the population, including peasants and the bourgeoisie, and bore nearly all taxes.
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3
Tennis Court Oath
A pivotal event in 1791 where members of the Third Estate vowed to not disband until a new constitution was established.
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4
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
A fundamental document from August 1789 that outlined individual rights and the principles of the Revolution.
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5
Maximilien Robespierre
A key figure during the Revolution who led the Reign of Terror and advocated for virtue and equality.
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6
Napoleonic Code
A comprehensive set of civil laws established by Napoleon that emphasized legal equality and the protection of property rights.
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7
Romanticism
An artistic and intellectual movement that emphasized emotion, imagination, and individualism over rationalism.
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8
Congress of Vienna
A diplomatic conference held in 1814-1815 aimed at restoring stability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
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9
Bastille Day
July 14, 1789; marked the start of the French Revolution with the storming of the Bastille prison.
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10
Constitution of 1791
Established a constitutional monarchy in France, giving voting rights to propertied men and including reforms in citizenship.
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11
Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes
A clergy member who famously questioned the role of the Third Estate in politics and advocated for its interests.
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12
Thermidorian Reaction
The political turmoil following the fall of Robespierre in July 1794 which marked the end of the Reign of Terror.
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13
Louis XVI
The last king of France before the fall of the monarchy, known for his inability to adequately address the issues leading to the Revolution.
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14
Jacques Louis David
A prominent painter during the French Revolution known for his works depicting revolutionary themes and figures.
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15
Louis XVIII
The king restored to the French throne after Napoleon's defeat, leading to the Bourbon Restoration.
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16
Declaration of Pillnitz
A statement issued by Austria and Prussia in August 1791 expressing their desire to protect the French monarchy.
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17
Sans-culottes
Radical working-class men and women during the Revolution who demanded more direct action and equality.
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18
Jacobin Club
A political club during the French Revolution that advocated for republicanism and was instrumental in the Reign of Terror.
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19
Napoleonic Wars
A series of conflicts involving Napoleon's French Empire against various European coalitions from 1803 to 1815.
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20
Battle of Trafalgar
A naval engagement in 1805 where the British Royal Navy decisively defeated the French fleet.
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21
Romantic Poets
A group of 19th-century poets, including Wordsworth and Byron, who emphasized emotion and nature in their works.
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22
National Assembly
The revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate in 1789, marking the beginning of a shift in power.
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23
Women’s March on Versailles
A significant event in October 1789 where thousands of women marched to demand bread and justice from King Louis XVI.
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24
Napoleon Bonaparte
French military leader and emper who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led significant reforms and wars.
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