States and Nations key dates | Quizlet

End of Roman Empire in the West

476

Coronation of Emperor Charlemagne: the Carolingian Empire

800

Schism of Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Eastern Church

1054

Magna Carta defines limits of royal power in England

1215

Hundred Years' War between England and France

1337-1453

Martin Luther posts his 95 theses: beginning of Protestant Reformation

1517

Roman Catholic Council meets at Trent; promotes Catholic reforms

1545-1563

Peace of Augsburg recognizes Protestant and Catholic states in Germany

1555

Byzantine Empire conquered; fall of Constantinople

1453

Edict of Worms-condemnation of Luther

1521

Treaty of Lodi

1454

Reign of King Phillip II in Spain

1556-1598

King Henry IV issues Edict of Nantes; grants religious rights to French Protestants

1598

Thirty Years' War in Germany

1618-1648

Osnabruck and Munster; Peace of Westphalia recognizes system of sovereign European states

1648

Eighty Years War; Habsburg Netherlands against Spain

1568-1648

Anglo-Spanish War; Spanish Netherlands and Portugal against England

1585-1604

Civil War in England

1642-1648

Execution of King Charles I in London

1649

Restoration of English Monarchy, King Charles II

1660

Revocation of Edict of Nantes; persecution of French Protestants

1685

War of Spanish Succession; "balance of power" limits French expansion

1702-1713

Peace of Utrecht; solves War of Spanish Succession

1713

Frederick William, the Great Elector, develops state and military power in Prussia

1640-1688

Tsar Peter the Great introduces European reforms in Russia

1698-1725

Thomas Hobbs publishes Leviathan

1651

Hobbes philosophy

Homo homini lupus, state of nature: humans are inherently bad, Leviathan: metaphor for all-powerful sovereign

Rousseau philosophy

Social contract, Volonte General, Popular Sovereignty, Direct Democracy, State of Nature: humans are inherently good, but corrupted by society

Montesquieu philosophy

separation of powers, checks and balances

John Locke philosophy

natural rights: life, liberty, property

Queen Maria Teresa rules and expands Austria Empire

1740-1780

Enlightened Absolutism

a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers

Seven Years' War; expansion of British power in India and America

1756-1763

Napoleon I

1804-1814

Tsarina Catherine the Great reigns as enlightened despot in Russia

1762-1796

King Louis XVI reigns in France

1774-1792

Revolutionary War leads to America independence from Britain

1776-1783

Estates General convenes at Versailles

May 1789

The Third Estates declares itself to be the National Assembly

June 1789

National Assembly issues "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen" and abolishes "feudal privileges"

August 1789

New French constitution establishes a constitutional monarchy

September 1791

France declares war on Austria and Prussia

April 1792

King Louis XVI is executed in Paris

January 1793

Radical Revolution and Reign of Terror

1793-1794

Robespierre and his Jacobin allies are executed

July 1974

Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in a coup d'etat

November 1799

Coronation of Napoleon

December 2, 1804

France becomes empire under Emperor Napoleon I

1804

Second Coalition (Austria, Russia, Britain) wages war with France

1799-1801

Third Coalition (Austria, Russia, Britain) wages war with France

1805-1807

Napoleon defeats Prussian armies and occupies Berlin

1806

Treaty of Tilsit creates French-Russian alliance; Napoleon expands the "Continental System" to exclude trade with Britain

1807

Peninsular War leads to French defeats in Spain

1808-1814

Abdication of Napoleon and restoration of Bourbon monarchy in France

1814

Congress of Vienna reorganizes political order in Europe

June 1815

Revolution in Paris; proclamation of the Second French Republic

February 1848

Metternich flees from Vienna to England

March 1848

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte becomes "Emperor Napoleon III"->Second French Empire

1952

France and Britain join Ottoman Turkey to defeat Russian in the Crimean War

1854-1856

Italians establish unified Kingdom of Italy

1861

Austria and Hungary join together in a "Dual Monarchy" under the Habsburg ruler Francis Joseph

1867

Prussia defeats France in brief war; Napoleon III abdicates and the French proclaim a Third French Republic

1870

King Wilhelm of Prussia becomes emperor in newly established German Empire

1871

Kaiser William II dismisses Bismark and begins to shape policies of the German Empire

1890

Congress of Berlin

1878

Congress of Paris

1856

Berlin Conference sets European terms for imperial control of Africa

1885

Japan defeats Russia in Russo-Japanese War

1904-1905

Triple Alliance 1882

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Treaty of Versailles with Germany

28 June 1919

Treaty of St. Germain with Austria

September 1919

Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria

November 1919

Treaty of Trianon with Hungary

June 1920

Treaty of Sevres with Turkey

August 1920

Germany signs military alliance with Austria-Hungary

1879

France and Russia create the Franco-Russian alliance

1894

France and Britain establish close relations in the Entente Cordiale

1904

Two Balkan wars contribute to Serbian and Russian hostility toward Austria

1912-1913

Triple Entente 1907

France, Great Britain, Russia

Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated by Bosnian terrorists in Sarajevo

28 June 1914

Germany declares war on Russia and France; England declares war on Germany

August 1914

Revolution in Russia overthrows Tsar Nicholas II

March 1917

US Declares war on Germany

April 1917

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ends war between Russia and Germany

March 1918

Armistice ends the fighting on the Western Front (Armistice de Compiegne)

November 1918

Battles of Verdun and the Somme confirm military stalemate in France

1916

Battle of the Marne stops German advance in France and leads to trench warfare on the Western Front

September 1914