Systems Path Section 6 - Obstructed Lung diseases (pg 1-53)

what is an indication of tissue hypoxia?

nail clubbing

hallmarks of all obstructive lung diseases

wheezing, normal FVC, reduced FEV1

obstructive lung disease characterized by destruction of alveolar septa in central area of acinus

emphysema

signs and symptoms of emphysema

enlarged acini -> dyspnea, wheezing, cough, weight loss, barrel chest

those with emphysema are described as what?

pink puffers

how does emphysema develop?

deceased elasticity of alveoli associated with destruction, enlargement, collapse due to increase ROS and protease activity

who/why would someone get emphysema?

smoking

MC type of emphysema which destroys central acinus

centriacinar

what type of emphysema is characterized by uniform acinus destruction and is due to a1-antitrypsin deficiency

panacinar

obstructive lung disease characterized by excessive mucous production, chronic coughing, wheezing, frequent infections, weight gain and cyanosis

chronic bronchitis

how would you diagnose someone with chronic bronchitis?

productive cough (3+ months for 2+ consecutive years)

how would someone get chronic bronchitis?

irritant causing mucus hypersecretion and decreased mucociliary clearance

who is most likely to get chronic bronchitis and why?

males 40-65 with history of smoking/exposure to irritants

those with chronic bronchitis are referred to as what?

blue bloaters

chronic bronchitis + emphysema

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

risks associated with developing COPD

smoking and air pollution

reversible obstructive lung disease characterized by dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing (potential death in status asthmaticus)

asthma

how does someone get asthma?

airway obstruction by bronchial sm. constriction and increase production of mucus

atopic asthma is caused by

allergic trigger and genetic susceptibility

non-atopic asthma is caused by

hypersensitivity

Asthma primarily involves difficult performing ________

exhalation

hallmarks of asthma

curschmann spirals and charcot-leyden crystals

atopic asthma

Initiated by a type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction induced by exposure to an extrinsic antigen; most common type

MC type of asthma which is childhood onset and induced by environmental antigens

atopic

what type of asthma is less common, characterized by bronchial inflammation and hyper-responsiveness to stimuli such as cold, exercise, stress

non-atopic

what type of asthma is characterized by prolonged severe wheezing/dyspnea, bronchial narrowing, and hyper inflated acini

chronic

a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that is not responsive to bronchodilators or steroids

status asthmaticus

obstructive lung disease associated permanent dilation of bronchi causing destruction of CT/musculature

bronchiectasis

How does bronchiolitis develop?

obstruction leads to necrotizing infection/destruction of airway

"tram-track" sign is associated with which pathology?

bronchiectasis

bronchiectasis signs and symptoms

severe coughing, hemoptysis, purulent foul-smelling sputum

inherited dysfunction of cilia body wide due to mutated dynein

kartagener syndrome

how does kartagner syndrome develop?

results in deceased mucociliary clearance and risks for bronchiectasis