7th Grade Topic 4&5 Study Guide

Mier y Terán Report

Recommended that Mexico strengthen its control over Texas by sending more settlers and soldiers.

Law of April 6, 1830

Stopped U.S. settlers from moving to Texas, banned the importation of slaves, and imposed taxes.

Texas Settler Unhappiness

Settlers were unhappy due to laws limiting freedom, such as halting immigration and ending slavery.

Turtle Bayou Resolutions

Events that contributed to the push for Texas independence following suspension of the Mexican Constitution of 1824.

Battle of Gonzales

First battle in which Texans defeated Mexican forces, marking the start of the Texas Revolution.

Antonio López de Santa Anna

President of Mexico who led the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution.

Conventions of 1832 and 1833

Delegates sought changes in immigration policies and aimed for Texas to be a separate state within Mexico.

Suspension of the Mexican Constitution of 1824

Sparked rebellions in Mexico and escalated tensions in Texas.

Arrest of Stephen F. Austin

Worsened relations between Texas and Mexico by increasing calls for Texan independence.

Texas Revolution vs American Revolution

Both fought for independence from perceived unjust government, though against different entities.

Significance of the Battle of Gonzales

Marked a clear break between colonists and the Mexican government.

Presidio La Bahía

Important fort that played a role in the Mexican war for independence and witnessed filibustering expeditions.

First Independent Government of Texas

Provisional government established temporarily.

Capture of San Antonio

Significant victory that boosted Texian morale during the Texas Revolution.

Collapse of Provisional Government

Due to ongoing war, land demands, and social issues.

Siege of the Alamo

Involved defenders like James Bowie, William B. Travis, and David Crockett.

Texans after the Alamo

Motivated by desire for revenge and a stronger military action against Mexico.

James Fannin’s surrender of Goliad

Set the stage for the Battle of San Jacinto, where cries of revenge inspired Texan forces.

Runaway Scrape

Texan settlers fled to escape the advancing Mexican army.

Constitutional Convention of 1836

Called by Texans to establish a new government amidst growing tensions.

Texas Declaration of Independence

Modeled after the U.S. Declaration, highlighting grievances against Mexico.

Texas Constitution of 1836

Provided civil and political freedoms including a bill of rights.

Interim Government of Texas

Temporary government led by David G. Burnet and Lorenzo de Zavala.

Sam Houston

Leader of the Texan army who defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto.

Santa Anna’s Government Preferences

Favored a centralized government in Mexico.

Texas Victory at San Jacinto

Severed ties with Mexico and secured Texas independence.

U.S. Role in Texas Revolution

Supported revolutionaries with volunteers and supplies while remaining neutral.

Treaties of Velasco

Agreed to cease hostilities, withdraw Mexican troops and exchange prisoners.

Government structure of Republic of Texas

Consisted of Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.

President Houston's First Term Issues

Faced public debt, international relations, and military discipline.

President Lamar’s Policies

Foreign policy failed while domestic expansionism was costly.

Houston's Second Term Problems

Empty treasury, high inflation, and worthless paper currency.

Continuing Conflict with Mexico

Origin of Mexican-American War tied to disputed borders.

Anson Jones’s Term Issues

Debate over Texas annexation or independence.

Events Leading to Texas Annexation

Victory at San Jacinto was pivotal.

Influence of Immigration on Texas

Immigrants boosted economy through taxes.

Differences in Life in Texas

Life on farms focused on agriculture while towns emphasized commerce.

Republic of Texas and Religious Freedom

Included a bill of rights ensuring freedom of religion.

Influence on First Texas Constitution

Heavily derived from the U.S. Constitution.

Branches of Texas State Government

Divided into Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.

Early Texas Leaders

Included Sam Houston, Mirabeau B. Lamar, and others.

Key Issues Leading to U.S.-Mexican War

Centered around boundary disputes on the Nueces Strip.

Important Individuals in U.S.-Mexican War

Notable figures included Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Significance

Ended U.S.-Mexican War and defined Texas's boundaries.

Post-War Political Issues

Texas debated joining Union and managing new borders.

Compromise of 1850 Outcomes

Texas ceded land claims for federal debt assumption.

Challenges for Tejanos Post-War

Faced discrimination and political disenfranchisement.

Conflicts with Native Americans

Fought over land and resources amid settler expansion.

Immigrant Motivations for Texas Settlement

Attracted by the possibility of plentiful land.

Experience of Enslaved African Americans

Forced into labor primarily on plantations.

Role of Empresarios in Texas Growth

Brought settlers to Texas under Mexican governance.

Reasons for German Immigration to Texas

Sought better lives and relief from oppressive rulers.

Types of German Immigrants

Included artisans, academicians, and professionals.

French Immigrant Settlement

Notably settled in Castroville.

Impact of Global Immigrants on Texas

Contributed to infrastructure and community building.

Slavery's Role in Texas Civil War Involvement

Texas aligned with Confederacy to protect slavery.

States’ Rights and Sectionalism Contribution

Divergent views worsened North-South tensions.

Factors for Texas Secession Decision

Dissatisfaction with Lincoln over states' rights.

Texas Contribution to Civil War Effort

Approximately 90,000 Texans served in the military.

Significant Civil War Battles in Texas

Included Battle of Galveston and Battle of Sabine Pass.

Economic Effects of the Civil War on Texas

Disruption in trade and damage to transportation networks.

Hardships Faced by Texans During Civil War

Union control affected local economies and wartime experiences.

End of the Civil War

Resulted from Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox.

Reconstruction Requirements for Texas

Had to accept laws on ending slavery and rewrite constitution.

African American Rights During Reconstruction

Granted voting rights but faced continued limitations.

Political Effects of Congressional Reconstruction Plan

Mandated a new constitution ensuring voting rights for African Americans.

Economic and Social Effects of Reconstruction

Shifted labor systems and diminished previous elite power.