AP world mega review

Champa rice

Fast ripening, brought resistant rice that could grow where other crops couldn't

Song dynasty

Chinese dynasty that ruled for more than 3 centuries

Imperial bureaucracy

Appointed officials carried out empires policies

Meritocracy

China's bureaucratic system

Grand canal

Inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system in China

Gunpowder

Song made the first guns

Artisans

Skilled craftworkers

Proto-industrialization

Set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell

Tributes

Stuff other states paid to the head state

Scholar gentry

Social class educated in Confucian philosophy

Footbinding

Girls had their feet tightly wrapped to prevent bone growth

Woodblock printing

First system of printing

Theravada Buddhism

Personal spiritual growth and self discipline

Mahayana. Buddhism

Spiritual growth for all beings and on service

Tibetan Buddhism

Chanting

Syncretic

Fused

Chan/zen Buddhism

Daoist and Buddhist combined

Filial piety

Respect your elders and leaders

Neo Confucianism

Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism

Heian period

794 - 1185 in Japan

Feudalism

Society without a centralized government

Nuclear families

Wife, husband, children

Polygyny

Multiple wives

Muhammad

Islamic savior

House of wisdom

Baghdad center of learning

Mamluks

Enslaved ethnic Turks

Mamluk sultanate

Mamluk rule after they seized the government

Seljuk Turks

Muslims from Central Asia

Sultan

Seljuk Turk leader

Crusaders

European Christian soldiers

Mongols

Most famous conquers in history

Abbasid caliphate

Led by Arabs and Persians shaped by Turkic people

Nasir al-din al-tusi

Most celebrated Islamic scholar

Aisha al-ba uniyyah

Sufi poet, mystic and prolific Muslim writer

Sufis

Spread Islam, emphasized introspection

Vijayanagara empire

Established by the two brothers that made it a Islamic kingdom

Rajput kingdoms

Hindu kingdoms that were frequently at war

Delhi sultanate

Islamic group that ruled for 300 years in India

Proselytize

Actively seek converts

Qutub minar

A gigantic leaning tower that is Islamic architecture

Urdu

Official language of Pakistan with a mix of Hindi, Arabic, and Farsi

Bhakti movement

Hindus developing a strong attachment to a particular deity, less discriminatory

Srivijaya empire

Buddhist kingdom based on Sumatra

Majapahit kingdom

Hindu kingdom that controlled sea routes

Sinhala dynasty

Buddhist land based kingdom

Khmer empire

Land based empire known for its irrigation and Hindu

Sukhothai kingdom

Land based empire

Mississippi an

First large scale civilization in north America

Cahokia

Mississippi earthy mounds

Matrilineal society

Social standing based on women's side

City state

Ruled by a king, a city, and surrounding area

Human sacrifices

Mayan way of respecting God

Aztecs

Civilization that resides in Mexico area

Theocracy

Government ruled by religious leaders

Pachacuti

Tribal leader that started the Inca empire

Incan empire

Empire made by pachicuti that resided in south America

Mit'a system

Mandatory public service

Temple of the sun

Incan temple to honor the sun and ancestors

Animism

The belief that elements of the physical world can have supernatural powers

Carpa Nan

Incan massive roadway system

Kin based networks

Families governed themselves

Chief

Male head of kin based network

Hausa kingdoms

Seven states of the Hausa ethnic group loosely connected through kinship ties

Transaharan trade

Network of trading routes across the great desert

Ghana

Kingdom that sold ivory and gold

Mali

Most powerful trading society in west Africa

Zimbabwe

Most powerful east Africa kingdoms

Indian Ocean trade

Connect many areas through water, transsaharans cousin

Swahili

Blended language between Bantu + Arabic merchants

Great Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe capital city surrounded by a thick wall

Ethiopia

African state that is heavy on Christianity

Indian Ocean slave trade

Result of a large demand for slaves in the Middle East

zanj rebellion

Series of Arab slave revolts

Feudalism

Decentralized politics based on a system of exchanges of land for loyalty

Manorial system

System of having manors that provided everything a person and slaves needed

Serfs

Peasants tied to their land

Three field system

Crops were rotated through three fields

Estates General

Body to advise the king made up of the clergy, nobility, and commoners

Otto I

German king crowned holy Roman emperor

Lay investiture controversy

Dispute over whether a secular leader rather than the pope could invest bishops with the symbols of office

Magna Carta

Form signed by king requiring him to respect certain rights

English parliament

First parliament in England which increased nobility rights but not the general population

Great schism

Roman Catholic Church vs Orthodox Church

Primogeniture

The eldest son inherits the entire estate

Crusades

Series of European military campaigns in the Middle East

Marco Polo

Italian native that reported about different ethnic/religous groups that sparked interest in cartography

Bourgeoisie

Growing middle class (shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople)

Little ice age

Five century cooling of the climate after 1300

Antisemitism

Anti Jewish sentiment

Humanism

Focus on individuals rather than God

Mongol empire

Very impactful empire on trade, protected and revitalized parts of silk roads, destructing and chaotic empire, multiple clans merged together

Magnetic compass

Aid navigation and ship control

Rudder

Aid navigation and ship control

Junk

Very large Chinese ship

Kashgar

City in western China where silk roads crossed leading to increased importance for travelers

Samarkand

Stopping point on Silk Road between china and the Mediterranean

Caravanserai

Inns spread out along the silk roads where travelers could recharge

Money economy

Using money rather than bartering with commodities

Flying cash

System of credit where you could deposit money in one place and retrieve it from another

Paper money

Money deposited in bank houses