Chapter 14 History

Who set Oberlin College apart from many other?

more fair- allowed men, women, non-white

What was bad about asylums?

inhumane living conditions; no concept of mental illness

What was the nickname for the land around the Eerie Canal? Why?

“Burned over district” - traveling preachers spoke on “hellfire and damnation”

Why was Appalachia different from the rest of the South?

culture and outlook- still spoke Elizabethan and followed outdated British tradition

What made southern plantations similar to medieval feudalism?

worked as a kingdom- dressed prestigious and acted as such

Which two architectural styles became popular in the U.S.?

Federal- rectangle ; Neoclassical- Greek/Roman

What were the communistic settlements? What went wrong with them?

small communities trying to run a society/ attracted bad people (criminals and lazy)

Who were Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell and Susan B. Anthony?

first female graduate of med school/ lectured for women’s rights

What is a lyceum lecture?

ted talk; specialists travel to talk about what they know

Who was Horace Mann?

Massachusetts legislature, wants to improve school

Who was the founder of the Mormons?

Joseph Smith

What Puritan doctrine did Baptists and Methodists reject in favor of personal conversion?

predestination

What is the Second Great Awakening?

religion becoming more popular.

Why were so many religious movements beginning?

people moving away from puritanism and predestination

What were the struggles of a free black citizen in the south?

can’t vote, can be forced into slavery, can’t testify against white people

What was romanticism?

artistic movement focused on nature and imagination

What set women’s suffrage back?

Civil War and slavery

Why were American schoolhouses originally weak?

uneducated volunteers teachers teaching grade 1-8 the same thing

Why did Mormons move to Utah?

Joseph Smith and his brothers are murdered ; new leader takes them

Who were the Millerites? What did they believe?

religious group that disbanded/ believed Jesus second coming was 10/22/1844

Why were the suffrage and temperance movement so closely associated with echother?

political allyship- campaign for women to vote , then use those votes to win for temperance

How did the War of 1812 affect American art?

landscapes became art of choice- nationalism and romanticism

What was music like in the United States?

religious until after puritanism; extremely racist because it mirrored life on southern plantations

Why was Britain economically tied to the American South?

75% of British cotton is from American South

What led to cotton being so profitable to grow in the South?

the cotton gin

Why was the South called the “Cotton Kingdom”?

comes from “Cotton is King” cotton ruled the world- lord: slave owners

Why were public schools a controversial idea originally?

required tax increase to operate; suspicion over brainwashing

Why was plantation farming financially unstable?

slaves expensive (sick and injured); unknown weather patterns; at mercy of spenders

What helped weaken gender stereotypes in America?

women in workforce- industrial revolution

Who was the “Father of Prohibition”? What did he do?

Neal Dow/ Law of 1851- banned manufacture and sale of alcohol

Why is cotton so important to the South?

Cotton was very important to the South because it became the main crop that farmers grew and sold. The warm climate and rich soil made the South perfect for growing cotton. As demand for cotton grew around the world, especially in Europe, Southern farmers made a lot of money from it.

Cotton also helped the Southern economy in other ways. It led to the growth of cities, ports, and railroads needed to transport cotton to markets. Many businesses, like banks and shipping companies, made profits by working with cotton growers. Cotton became so valuable that it was sometimes called "King Cotton."

However, cotton farming also had a major downside. It increased the demand for enslaved labor, because growing and picking cotton by hand took a lot of hard work. As a result, slavery grew stronger in the South, which eventually caused deep divisions between the North and South and led to the Civil War.