Module 6 Chapter 7- Child Psychology.

A child who is by himself enters his father's office and starts to fiddle with his father's toolbox, even though his father has told him not to. As he is about to reach into the toolbox, he begins to feel guilty and decides to leave the room. This illustrates that the child has developed?

 

a conscience.

In the context of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, toddlerhood is identified as the________ stage?

 

autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Typical 2-year-olds are unable to?

 

experience shame if they wet the bed.

Margo and her husband Frank have a 3-month-old daughter, Tina. They love watching Tina smile when they enter the nursery. In this scenario, Tina's parents entering the nursery elicits a(n)________ on her part?

social smile.

The establishment of basic trust versus basic mistrust in a child's personality occurs between________ of age?

 

birth and 18 months.

Self-regulation is defined as?

 

a child's independent control of their behavior to conform to social expectations.

Which of the following children is displaying self-awareness?

—

A 9-month-old infant who cries when her mother leaves is most likely exhibiting?

 

separation anxiety.

Carmen, an infant, rarely has trouble eating, falling asleep, and waking up according to her routine. She tends to be joyful and is also friendly with new people. Carmen is most likely a(n)?

easy child.

Which of the following is a defining feature of altruistic behavior?

 

having no expectation of reward

Which of the following emotions is a self-conscious emotion?

 

embarrassment.

Sally is 2 years old. She insists on dressing herself even if she puts on her clothes the wrong way. In the context of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Sally is most likely to be in the stage of?

 

autonomy versus shame and doubt.

According to a pioneering study on temperament patterns, 40 percent of children involved in the study exhibited a temperamental pattern described as?

 

easy temperament.

The development of basic trust versus basic mistrust occurs through an infant's interactions with?

 

the primary caregiver.

Self-awareness usually emerges by about________ of age?

—

When a baby "reads" the expression of a caregiver for a clue as to how to act in an ambiguous situation, it is referred to as?

 

social referencing.

Temperament is a?

characteristic style of approaching people and situations.

In the context of the Strange Situation technique, which of the following is a good way to measure the attachment between a mother and a baby?

 

reaction of the baby when the mother returns after being separated for a while.

The expression of emotions such as embarrassment, shame, and envy?

 

requires the development of self-awareness.

The most developmentally sound approach to comforting a distressed baby is to?

 

prevent distress so that the need for soothing does not arise.

Claire, a 4-month-old baby, does not recognize herself in mirrors or pictures. If she is like most babies, she will develop physical self-recognition and self-awareness by the age of________ months.

 

18 to 24.