Ethics definitions

Hippocratic Oath

The oath taken by the doctor that they will preserve life

Back street abortion

illegal abortion by medically unqualified person

Post abortion trauma

Trauma experienced by a woman after an abortion

Republic of ireland - abortion legal date

20 December 2018 (up to 12 weeks)

N.Ireland - abortion legal date(section 9)

21 october 2019 (up to 12 weeks)

Active Euthanasia

A person directly and deliberately causes the patient’s death e.g. Painkillers

Passive Euthanasia

A person does not directly take the patient’s life allowing them to die withdrawing treatments

Voluntary Euthanasia

Carried out at the request of the person who dies

Non-voluntary Euthanasia

Someone makes the decision on their behalf

Involuntary Euthanasia

The person who dies wants to live but is killed anyways

Palliative Care

Medical, emotional or spiritual care given to a person who is terminally ill and which is aimed to reducing suffering rather than curing

Retribution

Taking revenge

Deterrence

A sentence may be a deterrent to a criminal repeating the same crime and others

Protection

Society must be protected from dangerous criminal. e.g. take their freedom away

Reform/Rehabilitation

Reform criminal so they learn to ve a law-abiding member of society

Vindication

People want to see that law are upheld, upholding justice

Reparation

Criminal should make good the damage and hurt they have caused

Restorative Justice

A problem solving approach to a crime that involves, community, offender and the victim

aim:

Restoration of - the victim to a normal life

the offender a law-abiding life

the damage caused by crime to the community

Conscientious Objectors

Law that allow people to refuse to fight, if they think it’s the right thing to do

Absolute Pacifism

War is never right

Conditional Pacifism

War is okay under certain circumstances

Selective Pacifism

Certain types of war are wrong

Active Pacifism

Belief that non-violent methods and political activity such as peaceful protests, stricks, road block and hunger strikes to bring about peace

Just war theory

a christian theory developed by St Thomas Aquinas

Jus ad bellum

Resort to war:

• Last resort

• Legitimate authority

• Just cause

• Reasonable success

Jus in bellum

Conduct in war:

• Good outweighs evil

• proportionality (appreciate attack)

• Innocent shouldn’t be killed

• Peace resorted at end

Secularisation

The transformation of society from religious to not being religious

Indoctrination

Forcing religious views on others

Integrated education

Shared education between catholics and protestants

Chastity

No sex before marriage

Celibacy

Abstaining from marriage and sexual relations

Human fertilisation and embryology act(1990) updated in 2008

• An authority to oversee and govern fertility treatment

• human embryos discarded after 14 days

• sperm can only be used 10 times for fertility treatment (donor anonymous)

• financial gain from surrogacy is illegal

updated law:

• same sex couples can have both their names on child’s birth certificate

• banned selection of children for non-medical purposes

• allowed creation of a ‘saviour sibling’, who is created to have DNA match to help their older sibling with a genetic disease

traditional surrogacy

50% surrogate 50% commissioning partner

gestational Surrogacy

No biological link to carrier

Altruistic surrogacy

No money earned