chapter 9

Basal state

Refers to the resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for approx. 12 hours

True or false: RBC and WBC count is typically much lower in newborns than in adults

false

lipemic

sample that is milky or turbid due to high lipid content

lipemia

abnormally increased levels of lipids/triglycerides in the blood

Arterial pH and PaCO2 levels are increased or decreased by exercise?

decreased

true or false: glucose, lactic acid, and total protein are elevated by moderate muscular activity

true

true or false: females have higher levels of RBC, Hgb, and HCT

false

jaundice is caused by…

increased bilirubin in the blood

what is bilirubin

yellow pigment from RBC destruction and breakdown

icteric

having or showing signs of jaundice

does RBC get higher or lower during pregnancy

lower

edema is caused by

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues

why cant you draw blood on the side of a mastectomy

lymphedema risk

where to draw blood from a patient that has an IV in both arms

distal (below) the IV site

purpose of an arterial line

provides and accurate and continuous measurement of a patients blood pressure

petechiae

tiny red/purple/brown spots that appear on a patient when a tourniquet is applied (minute drops of blood)

presence of petechiae indicates….

that the venipuncture site may bleed excessively

nerve injury may occur if the needle is inserted too…

deeply or quickly

hemoconcentration

when blood becomes abnormally thick due to loss of plasma fluid

hemolytic

abnormal destruction of RBCs

peak levels of which analyte typically occur around 0800 hours?

cortisol

Veins that feel hard and cord-like when palpatated may be…

thrombosed

Tiny red spots that appear on a patient's arm when the tourniquet is applied are a sign that the…

site may bleed excessively

A patient has several short lengths of IV-type tubing protruding from his chest. This is most likely a

central venous catheter (CVC)

What would be most likely to allow reflux to occur during venipuncture?:
a. filling the tube stopper end first
b. lateral redirection of the needle
c. tourniquet release on blood flow

A

What situation can result in hemoconcentration?
a. drawing a large tube with a small needle
b. mixing the specimen too vigorously
c. leaving the tourniquet on for 2 minutes
d. partially filling a tube

C

You are in the process of collecting a specimen by venipuncture. You hear a hissing sound, there is a spurt of blood into the tube, and blood flow stops. What has most likely happened?

tube vacuum escaped

If a venipuncture fails to draw blood and the phlebotomist senses a slight vibration of the needle, this could be a sign that the needle…
a. is up against a valve
b. penetrated a nerve
c. struck a hematoma
d. went through the vein

A

Which situation can hemolyze a specimen?
a. Drawing a large tube with a 23-gauge butterfly
b. Forceful aspiration of blood with a syringe
c. Horizontal transportation of tubes of blood
d. All of the above

D

pseudoanemia can be caused by

a change in position from standing to lying down

creatinine clearance is a measure of…

kidney function

A specimen collected in this tube is not affected if the tube is underfilled:

a red top tube

Drawing this tube before a chemistry tube can result in false hypocalcemia:

EDTA tube

Which dietary supplement can interfere with laboratory immunoassays?

biotin

what can cause the tube to lose its vacuum when engaged and fail to fill with blood?

the needle bevel is not completely under the skin

What should be expected in a specimen that was drawn through a hematoma

increased potassium

Heparin prevents blood from clotting by…

inhibiting thrombin

You must collect a routine hematology test, a coagulation test, and a STAT chemistry test. What tubes would you use (in the correct order)

Light blue, green, then purple

Glass particles/silica present in serum separator tubes serve to…

enhance clotting

prolonged tourniquet application may cause a change in blood composition primarily because of…

hemoconcentration