Anesthetic agents and adjuncts

anesthetic agent

any drug used to induce a loss of sensation with or without unconsciousness

adjunct

A drug that is not a true anesthetic but that is used during anesthesia to produce other desired effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, analgesia, reversal, neuromuscular blockade, or parasympathetic blockade.

pharmacokinetics

the effect of the body on the drug

pharmacodynamics

the effects a drug has on the body

what does an agonist do?

binds to and stimulates target tissue

what does an antagonist do?

binds to target tissue but doesn't stimulate

partial agonist

binds to and partially stimulates receptors

Agonist-Antagonist Opioids

binds to more than one receptor type and simultaneously stimulates at least one and blocks at least one

analgesia

a lessening of pain without loss of consciousness

T/F anesthetics are analgesics

false

T/F Diazepam is water solulabe

false

preanesthetic anticholinergics are also known as what?

parasympatholytic drugs

what does preanesthetic anticholinergic drugs do?

blocks acetylcholine- helps prevent and treat bradycardia and decrease salivary secretions

what drug class is Atropine

preanesthetic anticholinergic

what drug class is glycopyrrolate

preanesthetic anticholinergic

difference between atropine and glycopyrrolate

works faster with shorter duration

works slower and longer duration

What is a tranquilizer

a drug that reduces anxiety but does not necessarily decrease awareness and awakefullness

what is a sedative

-Drugs that can have a calming effect and reduce mental activity and cause sleepiness

what drug class is phenothiazines

tranquilizer

what drug class is Benzodiazepines

tranquilizer

what is another name for phenothiazine

Acepromazine maleate

atropine can show what on ECG

temporary bradycardia

Acepromazine can cause what to respiratory

worsens depressive effects of other drugs-lowers RR

what is reversal for Acepromazine

none but treat overdose with norepinephrine

what are the effects of Benzodiazepines

how should Diazepam be given

IV slowly

how should Midazolam be given

IM, IV, SQ

what is another name for Zolazepam

Telazol

what must be done with Zolazepam

powder must be reconstituted with sterile water

effects of alpha2-agonists

what is the reversal for dexmedetomidine

atipamazole

what is the reversal for xylazine

tolazoline or yohimbine

what class is morphine

agonists

what class is hydromorphone

agonist

what class is oxymorphone

agonist

what class is fentanyl

agonist

what class is meperidine

agonist

what class is cargentenil

agonist

what class is buprenorphine

partial agonist

what class is butorphanol

agonist-antagonist

what class is naloxone

antagonists

what are the effects of propofol

when should propofol be disposed of

6 hours of opening

what are the dissociative drug effects

T/F: Ketamine and diazepam can be combined

true

effects of Etomidate

what is guaifenesin

a muscle relaxant that blocks nerve impulses to CNS

adverse effects of guaifenesin

what is MAC

minimum alveolar concentration

what will happen with lower blood gas

go under faster

what is compound A

when sevoflurane reacts with soda lime

what is the adverse effects of compound A

what does Doxapram do

stimulates the respiratory centers in the brainstem