Emerging Processes, Machinery, and Automation Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from lecture notes on emerging processes, machinery, automation, and electricity.

Additive Manufacturing

Process where materials are gradually added layer by layer to build a project; common in 3D printing.

Subtractive Manufacturing

Process involving removing material from a larger work piece through cutting, drilling, milling, or grinding to achieve a desired shape.

Hybrid Manufacturing

Process combining additive and subtractive methods in a single machine or workflow.

Additive Manufacturing Benefits

Enables the creation of complex internal structures and controlled porosities, enhancing design flexibility for applications like lightweighting and lean manufacturing.

Rapid Prototyping

Techniques like 3D printing and laser cutting that enable quick, cost-effective development of functional solutions to real-world problems.

Linear Motion

Motion in a straight line, either horizontal, vertical, or on an incline.

Displacement

Change in the position of an object along a straight line; it is a vector quantity measured in meters.

Velocity

Change in displacement of an object over time; it is a vector quantity measured in m/s.

Acceleration

Rate of change of velocity; a vector quantity measured in m/s².

Average Velocity

The displacement of the object from its original point of origin divided by the time taken to travel from its origin to its end point.

First Equation of Linear Motion

The formula: 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡

Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)

The acceleration experienced by objects due to the force of gravity, approximated at 9.8 m/s² on Earth.

Mechanical Advantage (MA)

Measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device, or machine system.

Velocity Ratio (VR)

Ratio of the distance moved by the point of application of the effort to the distance moved by the load in a simple machine.

Efficiency (𝜂)

A measure of how much of the work you do actually goes to moving the thing you're trying to move.

First Order Levers

Levers where the fulcrum is between the effort and the load.

Second Order Levers

Levers where the load is between the effort and the fulcrum; MA is always greater than 1.

Third Order Levers

Levers where the effort is between the load and the fulcrum; MA is always less than 1.

Electricity

Phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electric charge.

Electric Current (I)

Rate of flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).

Direct Current (DC)

Flow which is unidirectional (only in one direction).

Alternating Current (AC)

Flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction.

Power (P)

Rate at which work is done or energy is converted, measured in watts (W).

Energy (E)

Ability to do work, measured in joules (J).

Voltage (V)

Measure of the difference in electric potential between two points, measured in volts (V).

Resistance (R)

Opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).

Series Circuit

Circuit containing a voltage source and a resistor connected by wires in a continuous loop.

Parallel Circuit

Electrical circuit in which the components are connected in parallel, sharing the same two nodes or junction points.

Control System

Manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behaviour of other devices or systems using control loops.

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

An industrial solid‐state computer that monitors inputs and outputs, and makes logic‐based decisions for automated processes or machines.

Truth Table

A mathematical table used in logic to show whether a propositional expression is true for all legitimate input values.