Science Final

Messages are carried back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body by

Nerve Tissue

In which vessels are materials exchanged between the blood and the body cells?

capillaries

A motor neuron sends an impulse to a

muscle or gland

An automatic response of the body that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control is called

reflex.

The three regions that make up the brain include the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the

brain stem.

How many loops does the human circulatory system contain?

Two

The function of each atrium is to

receive blood that comes into the heart.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called

arteries.

What eventually happens to fluid that leaks from capillaries into the surrounding tissues?

It returns to the blood through the lymphatic system.

What is the function of lymph nodes?

to trap disease-causing bacteria

Tiny filtering structures where urine is produced in the kidneys are called what

nephrons.

Which excretory organ eliminates water and some chemical wastes in perspiration (sweat)?

Skin

The two passages that direct air from the trachea into the lungs are called the

bronchi..

The column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system is the

spinal cord.

The part of the brain that is responsible for mental processes like learning and remembering is called

the cerebrum

The cell that carries information through the nervous system is called a(n)

neuron.

The brain and spinal cord make up the

A central nervous system

When the ventricles contract, blood is pumped

out of the heart

The outermost layer of the skin is the

. Epidermis

Sensory neurons and motor neurons make what nervous system.

Peripheral

Involuntary actions are controlled by what nervous system

autonomic nervous system.

The respiratory system removes oxygen and water from the body.

Carbon dioxide

For a nerve impulse to pass from one neuron to another, it must cross a space called a(n)

Synapse

Blood returns to the heart from the body through blood vessels called

Veins

The glands of the endocrine system produce chemical messengers called

hormones

The part of the brain that controls balance is the

cerebellum

A mating system that includes one male and one female is referred to as

monogamy.

All angiosperms

produce fruits

The first time a bird builds a nest, the bird builds the nest perfectly. This kind of behavior is an example of

behavior by instinct.

Plants respond to stimuli by releasing chemicals that affect growth and development called

hormones

Behavior almost always helps an animal

either survive or reproduce

The different forms of a gene are called

alleles.

Pheromones from one species of moth might attract

moths of the same species

What characteristic do gymnosperms share?

they produce seeds without fruits

The stages of a plant's life cycle are

sporophyte and gametophyte

Which term refers to specific characteristics that are studied in genetics?

traits

A fertilized egg is called a(n)

zygote.

What produces egg and sperm cells during the life cycle of a plant?

gametophyte

An inborn response to a stimulus is a(n)

instinct.

Dormancy is a period when an organism's growth or activity

stops.

A plant's response to light is called

phototropism

A flower's female reproductive parts are called

pistils.

__ reproduction produces offspring that is genetically identical to the parent

Asexual

The coiling of two vines around each other is an example of a plant response to

Touch

Traits are passed down from parents to offspring on

genes.

is a hormone that speeds up the growth of a plant's cells.

Auxin

is a plant's response to seasonal changes in the length of night and day.

Photoperiodism

What occurs when an embryo sprouts from a seed.

Germination

The reproductive structures of gymnosperms called

Cones

A plant's growth response toward or away from a stimulus is called

Tropism

Sex cells are formed in a specialized process called

meiosis

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called

heredity.

Factors that control traits are called

genes.

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?

Two dominant alleles

What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists?

one dominant and one recessive

The different forms of a gene are called

alleles.

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is

homozygous.

An organism's genotype is its

genetic makeup

A heterozygous organism has

two different alleles for a trait.

An organism's physical appearance is its

phenotype.

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

100 percent

Chromosomes are made up of

many genes joined

Chromosomes are made in the beginning of what

the cell cycle.

The process of meiosis results in

four different daughter cells

Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a

hybrid.

Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics?

traits

Even if a gene has multiple alleles, a person cannot have more than how many alleles.

two

What is represented by a square in a pedigree

A Male

An organism's ——- is its allele combinations.

genotype.

The sex cells produced by meiosis have—— the number of chromosomes as the parent cells.

Half

Genes are carried from parents to their offspring on structures called

Chromosomes

If an _ allele is present, its trait will appear in the organism.

Dominant

If D represents the dominant allele of a gene, then what letter represents the recessive allele

d

The chromosomes in a pair may each have different for each gene.

Alleles