Chapter 15

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Hawaiian culture?
Select one:
a. Urbanization
b. Highly stratified social structure
c. Use of imported animals such as pigs
d. Animal husbandry featuring swine
e. Warlike regional kingdoms

A

Which of the following statements concerning the political fragmentation of the Arabic world in the 1400s is most accurate?
Select one:
a. The political fragmentation caused by the fall of Baghdad lasted for several centuries under the decentralized administration of the Seljuk Turks.
b. The Mongol conquests eliminated any form of centralized government in the Middle East until the 17th century.
c. Following the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the Middle East became part of the colonial empire of the emerging feudal states of western Europe.
d. The political system was chaotic for 300 years until the rise of a new political order under the Ottoman Turks.
e. After the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the emerging Ottoman Empire soon mastered most of the lands of the old caliphate plus the Byzantine corner.

E

What area represented a new conquest for the Ottoman Empire in the late 1400s?
Select one:
a. Southeastern Europe
b. Mesopotamia
c. Russia
d. North Africa
e. Asia Minor

A

By what date had the Arabs been virtually excluded from European trade?
Select one:
a. 1100
b. 900
c. 1453
d. 1000
e. 1350

A

What admiral commanded China's great overseas expeditions between 1405 and 1433?
Select one:
a. Zheng He
b. Xun Xi
c. Chenla Khmer
d. Yan Xuanshang
e. Jung Tzi Lung

A

Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons that Italy emerged as the center of the early Renaissance?
Select one:
a. Italy was spared the Black Plague due to its geographic location.
b. Italy was more urbanized than most of Europe.
c. Italy retained more contact with Roman traditions than did the rest of Europe.
d. Italy had closer contacts with foreign scholars, particularly those in late Byzantium.
e. Italy led the West by the 14th century in banking and trade.

A

The practice of judging other peoples by the standards and practices of one's own culture of ethnic group is
Select one:
a. aversionism.
b. genocide.
c. anthropomorphism.
d. localism.
e. ethnocentrism.

E

In what region of Europe did the Renaissance begin?
Select one:
a. Italy
b. Germany
c. France
d. England
e. Spain

A

Which of the following statements concerning the Ottoman Empire is most accurate?
Select one:
a. The Turks refused to patronize the traditional Persian artists and craftsmen who had dominated the later Abbasid court.
b. Scientific and philosophical investigations reached the level of innovation that they had enjoyed under the Abbasids.
c. The Ottomans never mastered the full territorial extent of the old caliphate.
d. Turkish rulers did not promote maritime trade as vigorously as had the Arabs.
e. The Ottomans were more interested in cultural patronage than in military organization.

D

What was the innovation launched by the Ming dynasty?
Select one:
a. Receiving tribute payments from Korea and Japan
b. Use of a centralized bureaucracy but under the direct control of the emperor
c. Mounting huge, state-sponsored trading expeditions to southern Asia and beyond
d. The use of gunpowder weapons on both land and naval vessels
e. Extending their political control over Vietnam and Korea

C

Which of the following was NOT a symptom of decline in the Arabic caliphate by 1400?
Select one:
a. The decline of the Sufis
b. Decline of tax revenues for the state
c. The narrowing of intellectual life symbolized by the triumph of religion over literature, philosophy, and science
d. Landlords seizing power over peasants
e. Landlords ceasing to experiment with new agricultural techniques.

A

What was unique about the development of states in the Iberian peninsula?
Select one:
a. Based on Castile and Aragon, the Iberian states were unique in their adoption of Islam.
b. The states of Spain and Portugal were able to develop without emphasis on the military.
c. They had never participated in the feudal practices of the Middle Ages, which made them more open to change.
d. These governments were based on city-states rather than nation-states.
e. Spain and Portugal developed effective new governments with a special sense of religious mission and religious support.

E

Along with Italy, a key center for change in the 14th and 15th centuries was
Select one:
a. England.
b. Germany.
c. France.
d. Austria.
e. the Iberian peninsula.

E

In what year did the Ming dynasty halt state-sponsored commercial voyages?
Select one:
a. 1358
b. 1433
c. 1453
d. 1405
e. 1487

B

What proportion of the European population died as a result of the 14th century plague?
Select one:
a. One half
b. One third
c. One eighth
d. One fourth
e. One tenth

B

The key theme of Polynesian culture from the 7th century to 1400 was
Select one:
a. the adoption of Japanese civilization in the island societies.
b. the development of a uniform written script.
c. large-scale expeditions of discovery that were aimed at establishing colonies in South America.
d. contraction as a result of the world-wide epidemic of the 14th century.
e. spurts of migration and conquest that spread beyond the initial base in the Society Islands.

E

Which of the following was NOT a drawback to the West's emergence as a global power?
Select one:
a. Western nations lacked the political coherence and organizing ability of imperial China.
b. The Catholic church, long one of the organizing institutions of Western civilization, was under attack.
c. The West did not begin to establish key maritime and commercial links until after 1450.
d. Population loss caused further economic disarray and lack of strong leadership.
e. The lives and economic activities of ordinary Europeans, the artisans and peasants, were in serious disarray.

C

Which of the following statements concerning the cessation of state-sponsored trade by the Ming dynasty is most accurate?
Select one:
a. In Chinese terms, it was the brief emphasis on trading and commerce that was unusual, not its cessation.
b. Because of the Chinese dependence on imports from abroad, the decision to end the state-sponsored expeditions was particularly critical in initiating cultural decline.
c. The cessation of trade severely damaged the internal economy of China and produced the inevitable peasant revolutions that overthrew the Ming dynasty.
d. China had long emphasized internal development at the expense of trade.
e. The end of international trade signaled a general decentralization of government in Ming China.

A

Which of the following was NOT a reason used by the Ming dynasty to halt the trading expeditions?
Select one:
a. The technological inferiority of Chinese ships and navigation
b. The expense of building the new capital in Beijing
c. The growing military expenses of the campaigns against the Mongols
d. The traditional preference of the Chinese for Asian products
e. The opposition of the scholar-gentry and bureaucracy

A

Which of the following was NOT a source of Western dynamism in the 14th and 15th centuries?
Select one:
a. Advances in metallurgy
b. Two centuries of peace among the major European nations
c. A cultural reawakening
d. The strengthening of feudal monarchy
e. The growth of cities and urban economies

B

Which of the following civilizations first attempted to fill the commercial vacuum created by the decline in Arabic trade?
Select one:
a. India
b. Sub-Saharan Africa
c. Russia
d. Japan
e. China

E

Which of the following represents a significant difference between New Zealand and Hawaii?
Select one:
a. Art based on carved wood
b. A cold and harsh climate
c. Tribal military leaders
d. A society based on warfare
e. A highly stratified society

B

What Florentine painter led the way in the movement toward nature and people as the primary subject matter of Renaissance art?
Select one:
a. Masaccio
b. Petrarch
c. Fra Angelico
d. Giotto
e. Boccaccio

D

Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Select one:
a. Both the Inca and the Aztecs stopped exploiting subject peoples after 1500 due to the intervention of the Black Plague.
b. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, both the Inca and the Aztec empires had been replaced by other, indigenous governments.
c. Because of internal weaknesses, both the Inca and the Aztec empires were receding and might not have survived, even if the Europeans had not arrived.
d. Without European interference, the likelihood is that the Inca Empire would have overwhelmed the Aztecs and established a unified government in the Americas.
e. Without European intervention, there is no reason to believe that the Inca and Aztec empires could not have survived for several more centuries.

C

What Chinese dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China?
Select one:
a. Chou
b. Han
c. Tang
d. Qing
e. Ming

E

What Italian city-state was best placed to engage in the new, Western-oriented commercial ventures of the 15th century?
Select one:
a. Rome
b. Genoa
c. Padua
d. Florence
e. Pisa

B

In comparison to medieval culture, Renaissance culture was
Select one:
a. more concerned with Aristotelian philosophy.
b. more other-worldly and religious.
c. more concerned with things of the earthly world.
d. based less on urban vitality and expanding commerce.
e. disinterested in classical models.

C

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to the economic crises of the 14th century?
Select one:
a. Withdrawal from the global trading network
b. Bubonic plague
c. Lack of technological advance in agriculture
d. Labor shortages
e. Recurrent famine

A

Strong regional monarchies took hold in the decades around 1400 in
Select one:
a. the Ottoman Empire.
b. Italy and Greece.
c. Germany and Austria.
d. Spain and Portugal.
e. Russia and Poland.

D

Which of the following was NOT a result of the European contact with sub-Saharan Africa after 1500?
Select one:
a. Trade patterns in west Africa shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic
b. Regional kingdoms lost all influence in west Africa and were replaced by European governments
c. European weapons played an increasing role in the tribal conflicts between north and south.
d. Trade shifted in west Africa from Muslim to European hands
e. Seizure of slaves for European use affected many regions deeply

B

Which of the following statements concerning Arabic trade after 1100 is most accurate?
Select one:
a. Arabic control of the seas was strengthened following 1100.
b. Their economic decline could be compared to that of Rome.
c. Although Arabic trade was reduced, Muslims remained active in world markets.
d. The total collapse of the Islamic world in the 12th century can best be compared to the fall of the Roman Empire.
e. The Arab trading complex was reduced after 1100 to the Middle East.

C

What was the Western response to the problems of international trade that they experienced in 1400?
Select one:
a. Western nations halted trade with Asia and the East and became more dependent on European-produced commodities.
b. Overland trade routes through northern Russia were established to the East.
c. They began to pull back from all but regional trade networks found in the eastern Mediterranean.
d. Western nations began explorations of alternative routes to Asia that would bypass the Middle East and Muslim realms.
e. Many nations sought to establish alliances with the Ottoman Empire in order to restore the trade routes.

D

Which of the following statements concerning the Ottoman Empire is most accurate?
Select one:
a. The Ottoman Empire had no expansionist interests or capabilities.
b. The expansionist power of the Ottoman Empire was very real, but it was not the sole hub of an international network.
c. The Ottomans competed with western Europe for Atlantic trade.
d. The rise of the Ottoman Empire restored the full international vigor that the Islamic caliphate had possessed.
e. Turkish rulers promoted trade more actively than did their Arab predecessors

B

The medieval state, which originated in the
Classical Era, and whose fall in 1453 marked
the end of the postclassical era was
(A) the Song China.
(B) the Abbasid Caliphate.
(C) Kievan Rus.
(D) the Byzantine Empire.
(E) the Mameluk Caliphate in Egypt.

D

What change in Islam ended the postclassical
age and began a new era?
(A) Islamic piety won out over rationalism
and began a new era.
(B) Mass conversions of Muslims to
Christianity began.
(C) The secularization of Islamic society
began.
(D) Islamic lands in central Asia and the
Middle East fell to Hindu conquerors.
(E) Muslims began to speak of a messiah and
await his coming

A

In comparison to the fall of the Roman
Empire, changes in the Arab caliphate
(A) had few repercussions on its inhabitants.
(B) were not due to outside invasions by pastoral
nomads.
(C) produced prolonged economic and political
confusion in the Middle East.
(D) left no religious institutions to support
the Islamic faith.
(E) were not dramatic or sudden but
occurred gradually over several centuries.

E

The role of the Arab caliphate in international
exchange was
(A) further disrupted by the rise of the
Mongols.
(B) not restored until the western European
nations emerged as great powers.
(C) restored by the rise of the Ottoman
Empire in the Middle East.
(D) restored by the Ming Dynasty in China.
(E) not restored until the 19th century when
Great Britain created an empire that
spanned all continents

B

The Ming Chinese naval expeditions of the
early 15th century
(A) ended because they challenged Confucian
values and typical expenditures.
(B) were followed by the Chinese conquest of
southeast Asia.
(C) were stopped by Muslim navies in the
Indian Ocean.
(D) led to a renewed Chinese interest in scientific
and geographic exploration.
(E) stimulated trade between China and
Africa.

A

All of these events led to the weakening or end
of medieval western European institutions
EXCEPT:
(A) the Bubonic Plague.
(B) political and theological attacks on the
Roman Catholic church.
(C) the rise of national monarchies.
(D) the Ottoman Turk invasion of western
Europe.
(E) the rise of non-aristocratic armies loyal to
national monarchs.

D

The Renaissance in Europe
(A) rejected medieval values.
(B) was largely a cultural and intellectual
movement.
(C) was a political revolution against the
power of the pope.
(D) was not a rebirth of classical cultures as it
borrowed little from Greek, Roman, or
Islamic achievements.
(E) avoided challenging medieval values.

B

The major barrier to west European expansion
prior to the 15th century was
(A) the low level of European technology.
(B) the lack of interest by western European
rulers for acquiring territory.
(C) the overwhelming power of Muslim and
Mongol states.
(D) religious civil wars that divided western
Europe and made overseas expansion
impossible.
(E) the lack of popular interest and public
funds to support expansion

A

The first western European nation to establish
an overseas empire in the 15th century was
(A) the Netherlands.
(B) Sweden.
(C) Portugal.
(D) France.
(E) Spain.

C

The first European colonial estates
(A) were set up to export foodstuffs back to
Europe.
(B) were set up to receive excess populations
and alleviate overpopulation at home.
(C) were unsuccessful and failed.
(D) were set up to produce cash crops like
sugar to supply European markets.
(E) caused very few ecological, environmental,
and demographic disruptions in the
Atlantic islands.

D