division of skeletal system and descriptive terms

Axial Skeleton

• Bones situated along the longitudinal acis

• Skull, sternum, ribs, vetebral column

Appendicualr Skeleton

Bones including the anterior and posterior limbs

Anterior Limb

1. Shoulder

2. Arm

3. Forearm

4. Manus

Shoulder

• Scapula

• Clavicle

• Coracoid

Arm

• Humerus

• Radius

• Ulna

Manus

• Carpals

• Metacarpals

• Phalanges

Posterior Limb

1. Hip

2. Thigh

3. True legs or cruz

4. Pes

Splanchnic Skeleton

Bones present in the viscera or soft internal organs

Os penis / Baculum

Penis

Os rostri

• Present invthe snout of pig.

• Typically square shape

Os cordis

• Typically found in the heart of ox

Os clitoris

• Incidental finding present in clitoris

• Mostly found in cats

• Presence of this on cats is associated with hormonal imbalance with estrogen

Depression

Any concavity from the surfacee of the blne

Perforation

Refers to any opening either small or big

Projection

• Prominence or eminence or process

• Refers to any protrusion from the surface of the bone

• May be articular or non

Head

• A rounded articualr enlargement at the end of the bone.

• May be connected to the shaft by a sconstricted….

Condyle

• Artifular eminence that is cylindrical

Epicondyle

• Non-articular projection at the side of the condyle

Facet

• Usually formed in the vertebra

• Commonly applied to articular surfaces of small extension especially when rhey are not extremelu concave or convex

• Usually flat

Tuberosity

• Large non articular projection

• Usually seen or used sa paglelabel sa humerus ng horse

• Limited to the head

Tubercle

• Small rounded non articular projection Usually

• Sa bones ng dog

Trochanter

• Applied to a few non articular prominence such as the trochanter of femur

• Opposite of head

• Limited to FEMUR

Spine

• Pointed non articualr projection

• Tallest

Line

• Smallest

• Very small ridge

Ridge

• May be applied to the spine and crest

• General term for small somewhat sharp elongated projection

Crest

• Medium

• Prominent sharp ridge

Glenoid cavity

• Located at the base of/ ventral aspect of scapula

• Relatively sharp Shallow articualr depression

• Articulates with the head of the humerus

Cotyloid cavity / Acetabulum

• Present in the pelvic girdle or os coxae

• Deeper depression

• Articuares with the head of the femur

Fovea

• Small articualr depression

• Ex. Head of femur

• Absent sa head of humerus but present sa femur

Trochlea

• Pulley like articular

• Marked by two ridges (gitna is fovea)

• Central depression is in the middle

Fossa

• Large non articular depression

• Muscle nakakabit

Groove

• Largely non articular depression

Sulcus

• Inner surface of the skull (always depression)

• Gyrus or gyri is for the ridges

• Walang sulcus if walang gyri

Impression

• Depression formed by mechanical compression

Foramen

• Small and relatively short openong

Canal

• Longer opening

Fissure

• Longer or bigger openong

• Example os palatine fissure

Bulla

• Non articualr projection

• Malapit sa butas ng tenga

• Hollow (may lamang hangin)

• Petrous Temporal Bone

Tympanic Bulla

• Houses the inner ear

Jugum / Juga

• Non articular projection

• Connecting ridge or projection caused by mechanical compression

• Ex is alveolar juga

Notches

• Non articualr depression

• Constricted parts connecting a process or main body of bone

• Arch to body in case of vertebra