UNIT 5 - Cells: Stability and Change 🥼

Interphase

Phase where the cell prepares for division.

G1 Phase

First growth phase before DNA synthesis.

G1 checkpoint

Checks for cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage

S Phase

Phase where DNA is replicated.

G2 Phase

Second growth phase after DNA synthesis.

G2 checkpoint

M Phase

Phase where mitosis and cytokinesis occur.

Mitosis

Process of nuclear division resulting in two nuclei.

Prophase

First stage of mitosis; chromosomes condense.

Anaphase

Stage where sister chromatids separate and move apart.

Telophase

Final stage of mitosis; nuclear membranes reform.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis.

G0 Stage

Resting phase where cells are not actively dividing.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death for removing damaged cells.

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth due to mutations.

Cell Theory

Fundamental concept that all living things are made of cells.

DNA

Molecule carrying genetic information in cells.

Chromosome

Structure made of DNA and proteins, carries genes.

Binary Fission

Asexual reproduction method in prokaryotic cells.

Cell Differentiation

Process where cells become specialized in function.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells capable of becoming any cell type.

Gene

Unit of heredity; segment of DNA coding for traits.

Cell cycle

Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

M checkpoint

Cell monitors spindle formation and attachment to kinetochores