CEE 2 - DDS (Semi-solid Dosage Forms)

These are semisolid preparations of such consistency that they may readily be applied to the skin by inunction (the rubbing of ointment or oil into the skin).

Ointments

OINTMENTS:
These are semisolid preparations of such consistency that they may readily be applied to the skin by____ (the rubbing of ointment or oil into the skin).

inunction

They not only serve as a vehicle for topical application but also act as protectives and emollients for the skin.

Ointments

Ointments are also known as

“Chrisma” or “salve”

Ointment in latin is

“unguentum” “ung.”

Uses of ointments

• Emollients

• Protective Barriers

• Vehicles

Preparation of ointment (2)

Incorporation and Fusion method

What preparation of ointment?
All of the components are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained

Incorporation

What preparation of ointment?
All or some of the components are combined by being melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed

Fusion method

Defined as “viscous liquid or semi solid emulsions of either the oil-in-water or the water-in-oil type”

Cream

They are usually employed as emollient or as medicated applications to the skin.

Cream

Cream uses

emollient or as medicated applications to the skin

Patients often prefer a____ to an ointment because it spreads more readily, less greasy and the evaporating water soothes the inflamed tissue.

w/o cream

Example of creams

Vanishing Creams (o/w)

Cold cream (w/o)

(o/w) or (w/o)
Vanishing Creams

(o/w)

(o/w) or (w/o)
Cold cream

(w/o)

Are ointment containing as much as 505 powder dispersed in a fatty base.

Pastes

They maybe useful for absorbing noxious chemicals in babies, such as ammonia which bacteria release from urine.

Pastes

Less greasy than ointments because the powders absorbs some of the fluid HCs.

Pastes

lay down a thick, opaque and act as an efficient sun filter.

Pastes

Skiers use such formulations on the face to minimize windburn (excessive dehydration) and to block out the sun rays.

Pastes

Paste example

ZnO paste (Lassar’s Plain Zinc Paste)

Lassar’s Plain Zinc Paste contains what % of ZnO?

25%

These are solid or semisolid adhesive masses spread on a backing of paper, fabric, moleskin or plastic

Plasters

These are applied to the skin to provide prolonged contact to the site

Plasters

Plasters examples

Salicylic Acid plaster

Salicylic Acid plaster contains what % of salicylic acid?

10-40%

These are plastic masses containing gelatin (15%), glycerin (40%), water (35%) and an added medicinal substance (10%) such as zinc oxide

Glycerogelatins

Components of Glycerogelatins

• gelatin (15%),

• glycerin (40%),

• water (35%)

• medicinal substance/ZnO (10%)

Applied to the skin with a fine brush

Glycerogelatins

Examples of Glycerogelatins

Zinc Gelatin

for the treatment of varicose ulcers

Zinc Gelatin

These are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices where they soften and melt or dissolve and exert either local or systemic effects

Suppositories

These are useful in infants, debilitated or comatose patients, patients who vomit, who have nausea or gastrointestinal disturbances

Suppositories

Suppository Bases

• Fatty oleaginous bases

• Water soluble and water miscible bases

• Miscellaneous bases

Fatty oleaginous bases examples

Cocoa butter

• Good base for rectal suppository

• Melts just below body temperature but retains solidity at room temperature

Cocoa butter

Cocoa butter melts at what temperature?

Melts just below body temperature

Examples of Water soluble and water miscible bases

• Glycerinated Gelatin

• Polyethylene Glycols (PEG’s)

These are mixtures of oleaginous and water-soluble materials

Miscellaneous bases

Criteria for a Satisfactory Suppository Base

1. Should be inert, non-irritating and nonsensitizing

2. Should be firm and should not melt at room temperature

3. Should dissolve rapidly in the cavity fluid (should have narrow or sharp melting range)

Preparation of Suppositories (3)

• Hand Rolling

• Compression

• Fusion Method

Preparation of suppositories:
Molding of the suppository with the fingertips

Hand Rolling

Preparation of suppositories:
Usage of a suppository mould

Compression

Preparation of suppositories:
Commercial method of manufacture; uses heat

Fusion Method