ZOOL 250 LAB

Autogenic Test

Armor made by protist

Allogenic

Armor made by external material.

Contractile Vacuole

Stores/excretes water

Chloroplast

Energy production

Gelatinous Matrix

Holds flagellated cells together

Kinetoplast

Contains genetic material.

smaller ‘nucleus’

Food Vacuole

Stores/digests food

Phylum Euglenida

Euglena

Closer to plants because of the way they produce energy.

Common in freshwater.

Phylum Chlorophyta

Volvox

Colonial protists

Phylum Dinoflagellata

Autogenic armor of cellulose.

Multiple flagella

Thecal plates

Annulus

Annulus

Separates thecal plates

Feeding/excretion, flagella attachment.

Phylum Diplomonadida

Giardia

Most primitive of living things (lack mitochondria)

Adhesive discs

2 nuclei

Phylum Kinetoplastida

Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness)

Lives inside cells.

Undulating membrane

Undulating membrane

Movement

Like a fin, elongated flagellum

Sarcodines

Amoebozoa & Granuloreticulosa

Pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding

Foraminiferans

Pseudopodia

Outgrowths of main cell, grows in direction of movement (does not extend)

Foraminiferans

Marine, good fossil record.

Autogenic tests

Shell pores

Shell pores

Holes for pseudopodia to extend through/for food

Phylum CIliophora

Paramecium (2 different nuclei).

Macronucleus

Micronucleus

Oral groove

Stentor (concentrated cilia)

Macronucleus

DNA used for growth, maintenance

Micronucleus

Creates new macronucleus

Oral groove

Slit with cilia for feeding

Sponges

No well defined tissues or organs

Calcarea

Hexancitellida

Demospongiae

Mesohyl

Skeletal support systems

Spicules, sometimes spongin

Asconoid

Calcarea

Ancestral

Entire inside is hollow, lined with flagellated cells.

Syconoid

Calcarea

Wrinkly & knobby insides, creates pockets of choanocytes (more SA)

Leuconoid

All sponge classes

No choanocytes in spongocoel

Flagellated chambers lining ostia instead.

Ostia

Small incurrent openings

Oscula

Large excurrent opening

Pinacoderm

Layer formed by pinacocytes, for protection

Spicules

Mineral shard connected to form structure

Spongocoel

Inside of sponges body

Choanocytes

Flagellated cells that draw in water

Spongin

Structure, flexibility

Gemmules

Asexual spores

Class Calcarea

Calcareous sponges

Spicules of calcium carbonate, lack spongin

Class Demospongiae

Spongin, siliceous spicules

Class Hexactinellida

No spongin, siliceous spicules

Modified leuconoid

Cnidarian bodies

Diploblastic

Radial symmetry

Nematocysts

Hydrostatic skeletons

Hypostome

Tentacles

Basal disk

Epithelial muscular cells

Gastrodermis

Cnidocytes

Velum

Manubrium

Radial canals

Mesoglea

Gastrovascular cavity

Diploblastic

Epidermis & gastrodermis (both have basal lamina)

Sometimes have mesoglea (non-living middle layer)

Mesoglea

Support.

In medusae form

Nematocysts

Stinging cells in cnidocytes

Concentrated in epidermis of tentacles

Sometimes in gut lining in Scyphozoa & Anthozoa

Planula larva

Development

Resemble ancestral form

Only product from sexual reproduction

Hypostome

Holds mouth, same idea as manubrium

Tentacles

Hold stingin cells, feeding and defense.

Epithelial muscular cells

Single cells that serve as basic ‘muscles’

Gastrodermis

Makes up inside of body cavity, for digestion

Cnidocytes

Stinging cells on tentacles, hold nematocysts

Velum

Thin membrane to keep water in

Manubrium

Holds mouth

Radial Canals

Provide structure, excrete waste

Gastrovascular Cavity

Digestive cavity

Anthozoa

No medusa stage

Hexacorallia & Octocorallia

Multiple siphonoglyphs

Septa

Ancontia

Pharynx

Hexacorallia

Stony corals

12 tentacles, 6 pairs of septa

Octocorallia

Gorgonian corals

8 tentacles, 8 pairs of septa

Siphonoglyphs

Covered in cilia to create water current

Septa

Extensions in pharynx for increased SA 4 digestion

Acontia

Stinging cells in gastrovascular cavity

Pharynx

Mouth-gastrovascular cavity

Hydrozoa

Medusa produced by budding

No anus

Gastrozooid & Gonozooid

Hydrozoa life cycle

Adult polyp-planula-bby polyp

Hydra Medusa

Velum, simple bell, simple manubrium no nematocysts

Hydra Polyp

Simple mouth, simple gastrovascular cavity, no nematocysts

Gastrozooid

Houses stinging tentacles

Gonozooid

Produce eggs & sperm

Scyphozoa

Medusa produced by strobilation

Mouth lobe

Gastric pouches

Rhopalia

Scyphistoma

Sphyra

Strobilation

Scyphozoa Medusa

No velum, notched bell, mouth lobes extend from manubrium, nematocysts

Scyphozoa Polyp

Simple mouth, septate in gastrovascular cavity, nematocysts in gastrodermis

Mouth lobe

Extend from manubrium, for prey movement into mouth

Gastric pouches

Surround gonads, serve as digestive chamber

Rhopalia

Light sensory, on rim of swimming bell where segments of the swimming bell join together

How many radial canals does Aurelia have?

Lots

How many radial canals does Gonionemus havve?

4

Scyphistoma

Same thing as polyp, eats and reproduces

Ephyra

Break off from strobila, turn into adult jellies

Strobilation

Body column breaks into ephyra

Anthozoan polyp

Mouth opens into pharynx with ciliate siphonoglyphs, septate in gastrovascular cavity, nematocysts in gastrodermis

Ctenophores

Diploblastic

Mesoglea

Gastrovascular canal system

8 comb rows of cilia for locomotion

2 long branched tentacles with sticky colloblast cells

Biradial symmetry

Sometimes develop anus as adults

Comb rows

Outbranches formed by clumped cilia.

Euglenida
A-Flagella

B-Chloroplast

C-Contractile Vacuole

D-Nucleus

Dinoflagellate

A-Nucleus

B-Annulues

C-Flagellum

Volvox

A-Gelatinous matrix

B-Flagellate cells

Giardia

A-Flagellum

B-Adhesive disc

Trypanosoma

A-Nucleus

B-Kinetoplast

C-Undulating membrane

D-Flagellum

Foraminifera

A-Test

B-Shell pores

Paramecium

B-Pellicle

Hydra
A-Tentacle

B-Hypotstome

C-Body Column

D-Basal disc

Aurelia

A-Mouth

B-Gonad

C-Oral arm

D-Gastric pouch

E-Radial canals

F-rhopalium

Metridium

A-Pharynx

B-Siphonoglyph

C-Tentacles

E-Acontia

F-Pedal Disc

G-Septa

H-Gonads

Echinodermata

-Water vascular system not present in any other animals.

Crinoidea

Feather stars

Crinoidea Morphology

-Pinnules.

-Cirri

Pinnules

Have cillia that branch off, attached to arms.

For filter feeding/prey.

Cirri

Small ‘arms’ that attach to substrate

Astroidea

Starfish

Astroidea Morphology

Bipinnaria larvae

Dermal papulae.

Pedecellaria

Madreporite

Ambulacral grooves

Tube feet

Stone canal

Ring canal

Polian vessicles

Radial canals

Lateral canals

Ampullae

Peristomial membrane

Dermal papulae

1. Oxygen exchange, tiny little bumps (solid not split like pedecllaria).

Pedecellaria

1. Taller than papulae, split into 2 ‘claws’.

2. Aboral end.

3. Used for defense to stop things from growing on it.

Madreporite

1. Looks like little embedded rock between arms.

2. Water enters, blocks larger particles from entering, start of water vascular system.

Ambulacral grooves

Where tube feet are held.