nutr 222 tamu exam 3

Which of the following body structures helps to regulate thirst?

a) brainstem

b) cerebellum

c) optic nerve

d) hypothalamus

d) hypothalamus

Which of the following is not a function of water in the body?

a) lubricant

b) source of energy

c) maintains protein structure

d) participant in chemical reactions

b) source of energy

Two situations in which a person may experience fluid and electrolyte imbalances are?

a) vomiting and burns

b) diarrhea and cuts

c) broken bones and fever

d) heavy sweating and excessive carbohydrate intake

a) vomiting and burns

3/4ths of the sodium in people's diets come from?

a) fresh meats

b) home-cooked meals

c) frozen vegetables and meats

d) salt added to food by manufacturers

d) salt added to food by manufacturers

Which mineral is critical to keeping the heartbeat steady and plays a major role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?

a) sodium

b) calcium

c) potassium

d) magnesium

c) potassium

The two best ways to prevent age-related bone loss and fracture are to?

a) take calcium supplements and estrogen

b) participate in aerobic activity and drink eight glasses of milk daily

c) eat a diet low in fat and salt and refrain from smoking

d) maintain a lifelong adequate calcium intake and engage in weight-bearing physical activity

d) maintain a lifelong adequate calcium intake and engage in weight-bearing physical activity

Three good food sources of calcium are?

a) milk, sardines, and broccoli

b) spinach, yogurt, and sardines

c) cottage cheese, spinach, and tofu

d) swiss chard, mustard greens, and broccoli

a) milk, sardines, and broccoli

Foods high in iron that help prevent or treat anemia include?

a) green peas and cheese

b) dairy foods and fresh fruits

c) homemade breads and most fresh vegetables

d) meat and dark green, leafy vegetables

d) meat and dark green, leafy vegetables

Two groups of people who are especially at risk for zinc deficiency are?

a) asians and children

b) infants and teenagers

c) smokers and athletes

d) pregnant adolescents and vegetarians

d) pregnant adolescents and vegetarians

A deficiency of ______ is one of the world's most common preventable cause of mental retardation

a) zinc

b) iodine

c) selenium

d) magnesium

b) iodine

Once food is swallowed, it travels through the digestive tract in this order?

a) esophagus, stomach, large intestine, liver

b) esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine

c) small intestine, stomach, esophagus, large intestine

d) small intestine, large intestine, stomach, esophagus

b) esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

once chyme travels the length of the small intestine, it passes through the ileocecal valve at the beginning of the?

a) large intestine

b) stomach

c) esophagus

d) jejunum

a) large intestine

The periodic squeezing or partitioning of the intestine by its circular muscles that both mixes and slowly pushes the contents along is known as?

a)secretion

b) absorption

c) peristalsis

d) segmentation

d) segmentation

An enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of?

a) starch

b) vitamins

c) protein

d) minerals

a) starch

Bile is?

a) an enzyme that splits starch

b) an alkaline secretion of the pancreas

c) an emulsifier made by the liver that prepares fats and oils for digestion

d) a stomach secretion containing water, hydrochloric acid and the enzymes pepsin and lipase

c) an emulsifier made by the liver that prepares fats and oils for digestion

Which nutrient passes through the large intestine mostly unabsorbed?

a) fiber

b) vitamins

c) minerals

d) starch

a) fiber

The two major nutrient transport systems in the body are?

a) LDL and HDL

b) digestion and absorption

c) lipoproteins and chylomicrons

d) the vascular and lymphatic systems

d) the vascular and lymphatic systems

With the circulatory system, lipids always travel from place to place bundled with proteins as?

a) microvilli

b) chylomicrons

c) lipoproteins

d) phospholipids

c) lipoproteins

Elevated LDL concentrations in the blood are associated with

a) a high-protein diet

b) a low risk of diabetes

c) too much physical activity

d) a high risk of heart disease

d) a high risk of heart disease

Three factors that improve the LDL to HDL ratio include?

a) polyunsaturated fat, rest and dietary HDL

b) antioxidants, insoluble fibers, and dietary HDL

c) saturated fat, antioxidants and insoluble fiber

d) weight control, soluble fibers, and physical activity

d) weigh control, soluble fibers, and physical activity

If a patient with dysphagia has difficulty swallowing solids but can easily swallow liquids?

a) the patient may have achalasia

b) the problem is most likely a motility disorder

c) the problem is probably an esophageal obstruction

d) the patient most likely has oropharyngeal dysphagia

c) the problem is probably an esophageal obstruction

The health practitioner working with a patient with dysphagia should recognize that?

a) highly seasoned foods are often restricted

b) regular diets do not meet nutrient needs, so supplements are required

c) pureed foods should be given to minimize the risk of aspiration

d) the foods allowed are those that can be comfortably and safely chewed and swallowed

d) the foods allowed are those that can be comfortably and safely chewed and swallowed

Possible consequences of GERD include all of the following except?

a) gastric ulcer

b) reflux esophagitis

c) dysphagia

d) barrett's esophagus

a) gastric ulcer

Treating GERD with proton-pump inhibitors is effective because they?

a) provide a protective barrier between gastric acid and the esophageal mucosa

b) reduce pressure within the stomach

c) reduce gastric acid secretion

d) strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter

c) reduce gastric acid secretion

For the patient with persistent vomiting, the major nutrition-related concern(s) is/are?

a) dehydration and malnutrition

b) reflux esophagitis

c) dyspepsia

d) peptic ulcers

a) dehydration and malnutrition

Chronic gastritis may increase risk of?

a) dumping syndrome

b) bone disease

c) iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies

d) gallbladder disease

c) iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies

The primary cause of most peptic ulcers is?

a) consumption of spicy foods

b) psychological stress

c) smoking cigarettes

d) helicobacter pylori infection

d) helicobacter pylori infection

The main dietary recommendation for patients with gastritis or peptic ulcers is to consume foods that?

a) neutralize stomach acidity

b) are well tolerated and do not cause discomfort

c) coat the stomach lining

d) promote healing of mucosal tissue

b) are well tolerated and do not cause discomfort

Following a gastrectomy, patients can greatly minimize the risk of dumping syndrome by?

a) increasing intake of carbohydrates and avoiding fatty foods

b) consuming liquids between meals and avoiding foods that supply sugars

c) consuming a high-fiber diet and minimizing meat and cheese intake

d) including milk products with each meal to provide protein

b) consuming liquids between meals and avoiding foods that supply sugars

After a gastric bypass operation the patient should be monitored for all of the following conditions except?

a) anemia

b) bone disease

c) hiatal hernia

d) fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies

c) hiatal hernia

The health practitioner advising an elderly patient with constipation encourages the patient to?

a) consume a low-fat diet low in sodium

b) consume a high-protein diet rich in calcium

c) eliminate gas-forming foods from the diet

d) gradually add high-fiber foods to the diet

d) gradually add high-fiber foods to the diet

Osmotic diarrhea often results from?

a) excessive colonic contractions

b) excessive fluid secretion by the intestines

c) nutrient malabsorption

d) viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections

c) nutrient malabsorption

Nutrition problems that may result form fat malabsorption include all of the following except?

a) weight loss

b) essential amino acid deficiencies

c) bone loss

d) oxalate kidney stones

b) essential amino acid deficiencies

Common nutrition problems associated with bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and small intestine include?

a) sensitivity to gluten

b) fat malabsorption and vitamin B12 deficiency

c) constipation

d) permanent loss of digestive enzymes

b) fat malabsorption and vitamin B12 deficiency

Chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis are both treat with?

a) intestinal resection

b) postural drainage

c) enzyme replacement therapy

d) stool softeners

c) enzyme replacement therapy

A person with celiac disease must avoid products containing?

a) wheat, barely, and rye

b) lactose

c) excessive fat

d) corn, rice, and millet

a) wheat, barely, and rye

Despite the intestine's capacity for adaptation, removal of which section of the intestine will likely result in fat malabsorption and multiple nutrient deficiencies?

a) duodenum

b) jejunum

c) ileum

d) colon

c) ileum

Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome most often include?

a) nausea and vomiting

b) weight loss and malnutrition

c) strong odors and obstructions

d) constipation, diarrhea, and flatulence

d) constipation, diarrhea, and flatulence

Diverticulosis is most often associated with?

a) aging

b) inadequate exercise

c) intestinal surgery

d) high-fiber diet

a) aging

After an ileostomy, the most serious concern is that?

a) the diet is too restrictive to meet nutrient needs

b) waste disposal causes frequent daily interruptions

c) fluid restrictions prevent patients from drinking beverages freely

d) incompletely digested foods may cause obstructions

d) incompletely digested foods may cause obstructions