World War I

long term causes of WWI

militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, balkans

militarism

the idea that a nation’s power depends on their military strength

alliance

an agreement between nations to support one another in war and provide defense

nationalism

the pride that people have in their country or cultural/ethnic group

imperialism

when nations try to colonize foreign places to get access to raw materials and gain a profit

balkans

a European peninsula formerly part of the Ottoman Empire split between Russia/Serbia and Austria-Hungary

short term causes of WWI

assassination of archduke franz ferdinand

where/why was the archduke killed?

• killed by The Black Hand (wanted bosnia to be part of serbia)

• symbolic killing the heir to a-h throne

• killed in sarajevo, bosnia (June 28 1914)

ultimatum

• July 23

• suppress anti-austrian propaganda

• ban nationalist groups

• get rid of anti-austrian officials

• allow Austrian delegates to join assassination investigations

• prevent smuggling weapons into a-h

blank check

(July 5) germany offering unconditional support to a-h because of alliance

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Central European empire from 1867-1918 in alliance with germany

serbia

bordering country of the A-H empire - resented them for annexing Bosnia (home of a lot of serbs)

archduke franz ferdinand

heir to the a-h throne - his assassination was a symbolic movement that caused arguments with serbia and got other countries involved

who shot the archduke?

gavrilo princip - member of the black hand

trench warfare

• trenches protected soldiers from machine gun fire

• no mans land in between trenches

• bombs or poison gasses used

black hand

secret military society of serbia - plotted the archduke assassination

schlieffen plan

• war on two fronts (russia and france)

• defeat France in 6 weeks by encircling Paris from the north (from Belgium)

• deal with russia later bc it would take longer to reach them

life in the trenches

• bad food supply

• damp trenches infected feet (trench foot)

• soldiers got shellshocked (ptsd)

propaganda

advertisements used to get people to enlist in the army and create a shared fear and hatred towards the enemy

women in WWI

expected to stay home with their children and take care of the house while their husbands were fighting

many women went to work in factories

what were the alliances?

central powers: germany, A-H, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria

triple entente: france, russia, England, italy, US, japan

total war

all resources/money/people go to the war

no man’s land

land between ally and enemy trenches - really dangerous

zimmerman telegram

telegram from Germany asking mexico to attack the US - message was intercepted and US joined the war to fight germany

home front

people supporting the war effort through labor, conservation and financing from home

liberty/war bonds

bonds issued by the government to finance the war - people would invest and the government would pay them back years later with interest

what did US want from treaty of versailles?

end war by creating League of Nations based on 14 points

what did Italy want from treaty of versailles?

take land from Ottoman Empire and A-H, reparations from A-H

what did Britain want from treaty of Versailles?

leave germany strong enough to trade with, land for British empire, maintain naval supremacy

what did France want from the treaty of versailles?

punish germany (reparations, less military strength), get back Alsace-lorraine, no League of Nations, independent Rhineland

TOV war guilt clause

germany accepts responsibility for WWI

TOV germany losses

13% of land, 10% of population, all colonies, military strength

TOV reparations

germany pays 6,000 million pounds - resulted in hyperinflation and massive debt

TOV Austro-Hungarian empire

broken into: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

other land added to pre-existing nations

League of Nations

international body formed after WWI (proposed by US president at TOV) to prevent wars by solving disputes peacefully

Woodrow Wilson 14 pts (1-5)

• no secret treaties

• freedom of the seas

• free trade

• reduce arms

• imperialists consider indigenous needs

Woodrow Wilson 14 pts (6-13)

territorial points (russia, Belgium, France, Italy, A-H, ottoman, balkans, Poland)

Woodrow Wilson 14 pts (14)

form League of Nations

why was WWI different (technology)

first widespread use of modern tech (machine guns, tanks, aircraft, submarines poison gas)