Studied by 16 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
What does the prefix auto- mean?
self
What does the prefix bio- mean?
life
What does the prefix mono- or uni- mean?
1
What does the prefix hypo- mean?
less
What does the prefix di- or bi- mean?
2
What does the prefix hyper- mean?
more
What does the prefix tri- mean?
3
What does the prefix poly- mean?
many
what does the prefix a/an- mean?
not/against
What does the prefix pro- mean?
before
what does the prefix iso- mean?
equal
If a substance is an acid, does it have more H+ or OH-?
H+
How many amino acids are there?
20
What are the four different types of Lipids?
Fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes
What monomer matches with the polymer Carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What monomer matches with the polymer Protein?
The Amino acid
What monomer matches with the polymer Lipid?
none
What monomer matches with the polymer Nucleic Acid?
Nucleotide
What are the characteristics of enzymes?
They increase the rate of reaction, made up of proteins, specific for one reaction, one specific shape that works for one specific chemical, and can be used over and over again
How does an enzyme influence a biological reaction?
It reduces the activation energy which increases the rate of the reaction
What is an enzyme?
A protein that helps speed up metabolism or chemical reactions
Are atoms with the same number of valence electrons in the same group or period of the periodic table?
Group
What does letter B represent?
the enzyme
What does letter A represent?
the substrate
The sharing of electrons indicates what bond?
Covalent
What are the outermost electrons called?
Valence Electrons
What particles are in the nucleus?
Protons and Nuetrons
What are the four most abundant elements in the human body?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON)
What are the three statements of the cell theory?
All living organisms are composed with one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms, cells are only from previous existing cells with cells passing copies of their genetic material to their daughter cells
Does a prokaryote or a eukaryote have smaller cells?
Prokaryote
Does a prokaryote or a eukaryote have a nucleus?
Eukaryote
What cell contains DNA?
cell nucleus
What organelle releases energy from sugars and other molecules?
Mitochondria
Which organelle makes proteins using instructions that come from the nucleus?
Ribosome
If a cell is an isotonic solution, what happens to the molecules?
they will diffuse out of the cell
What is diffusion?
The net movement of molecules from an area with high concentration to an area with low concentration
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which thermal energy is converted to chemical in glucose by the sun
What is a chemosynthesizer?
Where food is made by bacteria using chemicals at the energy source
What does this equation apply to?
Cellular respiration
What does this equation apply to?
Photosynthesis
What is the purpose of cellular resperation?
To break down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP (energy)
If oxygen is not present in sufficient quantity for a working muscle cell, what does it produce?
ATP from glucose
What is the main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus
What are characteristics about active transport?
Molecules move from low to high concentration and requires energy
What are some characteristics about facilitated diffusion?
Larger molecules use proteins to move through the membrane
What is the primary function of DNA?
To store genetic information
What does a nucleotide consist of?
Sugar, phosphate, and base
What carries the amino acid that is coded for by mRNA?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
The DNA code is carried from the nucleus to the ribosome in the form of what?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
What is the process of creating mRNA from DNA called?
Transcription
What is the three sequence in tRNA called?
Anticodon
What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids
What is the first step to occur in protein synthesis?
The DNA unzips
What is the second step to occur in protein synthesis?
mRNA is made
What is the third step to occur in protein synthesis?
mRNA moves into the cytoplasm
What is the fourth step to occur in protein synthesis?
tRNA “locks” into the mRNA
What is the fifth step to occur in protein synthesis?
Amino acids are connected
What process do humans use to repair damaged tissue?
Regeneration
What is a mutation?
A genetic mutation in the DNA
Do mutations always result in a change in the organism?
No
Which part of DNA codes for genes?
The four nucleotide bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine)
What is the bond that connects adenine with thymine?
double H bond
What phase does DNA replication occur in?
S Phase
Why is DNA replication so important?
It helps the transfer of genetic material from on generation to another
What are 2 essential events in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis and fertilization
What is the exchange of parts of a chromosome during meiosis known as?
Crossing over
What is incomplete dominance?
Blending of phenotypes to get an intermediate phenotype
What is the Law of Segregation?
Only one of the two gene copies present in an organism is distributed to each gamete (egg or sperm)
What does a square on a pedigree mean?
Male
How do you “name” someone on a pedigree?
First initial of their name, basic alphabet letters, or symbols
What is a gamete?
A reproductive cell of a plant or animal
What is a haploid cell?
A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell?
A cell that has two complete sets of chromosomes
What is an allele?
Alternative forms of a gene
What is the meaning for dominant?
to have primary control
What is a gneotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism
What is a phenotype?
Physical trait
What is the meaning for recessive?
Not having primary control
What is heterozygous?
You inherit a different version of a gene from each parent. They do not match
What is homozygous?
You inherit the same version of the gene from each parent, so you have two matching genes
Note
Flashcard